diff --git a/datafusion/functions-aggregate/src/median.rs b/datafusion/functions-aggregate/src/median.rs
index 7a399f73ec8e2..81a3c076dffbe 100644
--- a/datafusion/functions-aggregate/src/median.rs
+++ b/datafusion/functions-aggregate/src/median.rs
@@ -39,10 +39,11 @@ use arrow::datatypes::{
     ArrowNativeType, ArrowPrimitiveType, Decimal32Type, Decimal64Type, FieldRef,
 };
 
+use datafusion_common::hash_utils::RandomState;
 use datafusion_common::types::{NativeType, logical_float64};
 use datafusion_common::{
     DataFusionError, Result, ScalarValue, assert_eq_or_internal_err, exec_datafusion_err,
-    internal_datafusion_err,
+    internal_datafusion_err, internal_err,
 };
 use datafusion_expr::function::StateFieldsArgs;
 use datafusion_expr::{
@@ -288,7 +289,12 @@ impl<T: ArrowNumericType> Accumulator for MedianAccumulator<T> {
                 "failed to reserve {additional} values for median accumulator: {e}"
             )
         })?;
-        self.all_values.extend(values.iter().flatten());
+        if values.null_count() > 0 {
+            self.all_values.extend(values.iter().flatten());
+        } else {
+            // Fast path: no nulls, so the values buffer can be appended wholesale.
+            self.all_values.extend_from_slice(values.values());
+        }
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -310,11 +316,19 @@ impl<T: ArrowNumericType> Accumulator for MedianAccumulator<T> {
     }
 
     fn retract_batch(&mut self, values: &[ArrayRef]) -> Result<()> {
-        let mut to_remove: HashMap<Hashable<T::Native>, usize> = HashMap::new();
+        let mut to_remove: HashMap<Hashable<T::Native>, usize, RandomState> =
+            HashMap::default();
 
         let arr = values[0].as_primitive::<T>();
-        for value in arr.iter().flatten() {
-            *to_remove.entry(Hashable(value)).or_default() += 1;
+        if arr.null_count() > 0 {
+            for value in arr.iter().flatten() {
+                *to_remove.entry(Hashable(value)).or_default() += 1;
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Fast path: no nulls, so skip the per-element validity check.
+            for value in arr.values().iter() {
+                *to_remove.entry(Hashable(*value)).or_default() += 1;
+            }
         }
 
         let mut i = 0;
@@ -335,6 +349,15 @@ impl<T: ArrowNumericType> Accumulator for MedianAccumulator<T> {
                 i += 1;
             }
         }
+
+        // Retracting values that are not tracked means the accumulator state
+        // has diverged from the window frame; continuing would silently
+        // produce wrong results, so surface it as an error.
+        if !to_remove.is_empty() {
+            return internal_err!(
+                "median retract_batch: retracted value(s) not present in the window"
+            );
+        }
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -627,3 +650,58 @@ fn calculate_median<T: ArrowNumericType>(values: &mut [T::Native]) -> Option<T::
         Some(*median)
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use arrow::array::Float64Array;
+
+    fn median_accumulator() -> MedianAccumulator<Float64Type> {
+        MedianAccumulator {
+            data_type: DataType::Float64,
+            all_values: vec![],
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn retract_batch_errors_on_untracked_value() {
+        let mut acc = median_accumulator();
+        let values: ArrayRef = Arc::new(Float64Array::from(vec![1.0, 2.0]));
+        acc.update_batch(std::slice::from_ref(&values)).unwrap();
+
+        let retract: ArrayRef = Arc::new(Float64Array::from(vec![3.0]));
+        let err = acc
+            .retract_batch(std::slice::from_ref(&retract))
+            .unwrap_err()
+            .to_string();
+        assert!(
+            err.contains("not present in the window"),
+            "unexpected error: {err}"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn update_batch_with_and_without_nulls_agree() {
+        // The null-free fast path must accumulate the same values as the
+        // general path.
+        let dense: ArrayRef = Arc::new(Float64Array::from(vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0]));
+        let sparse: ArrayRef = Arc::new(Float64Array::from(vec![
+            Some(1.0),
+            None,
+            Some(2.0),
+            None,
+            Some(3.0),
+        ]));
+
+        let mut dense_acc = median_accumulator();
+        dense_acc
+            .update_batch(std::slice::from_ref(&dense))
+            .unwrap();
+        let mut sparse_acc = median_accumulator();
+        sparse_acc
+            .update_batch(std::slice::from_ref(&sparse))
+            .unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(dense_acc.all_values, sparse_acc.all_values);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/datafusion/functions-aggregate/src/percentile_cont.rs b/datafusion/functions-aggregate/src/percentile_cont.rs
index 4b5e892fb5cdf..53eda31f6e512 100644
--- a/datafusion/functions-aggregate/src/percentile_cont.rs
+++ b/datafusion/functions-aggregate/src/percentile_cont.rs
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ use arrow::{
 use num_traits::AsPrimitive;
 
 use arrow::array::ArrowNativeTypeOp;
+use datafusion_common::hash_utils::RandomState;
 use datafusion_common::internal_err;
 use datafusion_common::types::{NativeType, logical_float64};
 use datafusion_functions_aggregate_common::noop_accumulator::NoopAccumulator;
@@ -427,7 +428,12 @@ where
                 "failed to reserve {additional} values for percentile_cont accumulator: {e}"
             )
         })?;
-        self.all_values.extend(values.iter().flatten());
+        if values.null_count() > 0 {
+            self.all_values.extend(values.iter().flatten());
+        } else {
+            // Fast path: no nulls, so the values buffer can be appended wholesale.
+            self.all_values.extend_from_slice(values.values());
+        }
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -447,11 +453,19 @@ where
     }
 
     fn retract_batch(&mut self, values: &[ArrayRef]) -> Result<()> {
-        let mut to_remove: HashMap<Hashable<T::Native>, usize> = HashMap::new();
+        let mut to_remove: HashMap<Hashable<T::Native>, usize, RandomState> =
+            HashMap::default();
 
         let arr = values[0].as_primitive::<T>();
-        for value in arr.iter().flatten() {
-            *to_remove.entry(Hashable(value)).or_default() += 1;
+        if arr.null_count() > 0 {
+            for value in arr.iter().flatten() {
+                *to_remove.entry(Hashable(value)).or_default() += 1;
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Fast path: no nulls, so skip the per-element validity check.
+            for value in arr.values().iter() {
+                *to_remove.entry(Hashable(*value)).or_default() += 1;
+            }
         }
 
         let mut i = 0;
@@ -472,6 +486,15 @@ where
                 i += 1;
             }
         }
+
+        // Retracting values that are not tracked means the accumulator state
+        // has diverged from the window frame; continuing would silently
+        // produce wrong results, so surface it as an error.
+        if !to_remove.is_empty() {
+            return internal_err!(
+                "percentile_cont retract_batch: retracted value(s) not present in the window"
+            );
+        }
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -842,18 +865,60 @@ where
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use super::calculate_percentile;
+    use super::*;
+    use arrow::array::Float64Array;
     use half::f16;
 
+    #[test]
+    fn retract_batch_errors_on_untracked_value() {
+        let mut acc = PercentileContAccumulator::<Float64Type>::new(0.5);
+        let values: ArrayRef = Arc::new(Float64Array::from(vec![1.0, 2.0]));
+        acc.update_batch(std::slice::from_ref(&values)).unwrap();
+
+        let retract: ArrayRef = Arc::new(Float64Array::from(vec![3.0]));
+        let err = acc
+            .retract_batch(std::slice::from_ref(&retract))
+            .unwrap_err()
+            .to_string();
+        assert!(
+            err.contains("not present in the window"),
+            "unexpected error: {err}"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn update_batch_with_and_without_nulls_agree() {
+        // The null-free fast path must accumulate the same values as the
+        // general path.
+        let dense: ArrayRef = Arc::new(Float64Array::from(vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0]));
+        let sparse: ArrayRef = Arc::new(Float64Array::from(vec![
+            Some(1.0),
+            None,
+            Some(2.0),
+            None,
+            Some(3.0),
+        ]));
+
+        let mut dense_acc = PercentileContAccumulator::<Float64Type>::new(0.5);
+        dense_acc
+            .update_batch(std::slice::from_ref(&dense))
+            .unwrap();
+        let mut sparse_acc = PercentileContAccumulator::<Float64Type>::new(0.5);
+        sparse_acc
+            .update_batch(std::slice::from_ref(&sparse))
+            .unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(dense_acc.all_values, sparse_acc.all_values);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn f16_interpolation_does_not_overflow_to_nan() {
         // Regression test for https://github.com/apache/datafusion/issues/18945
         // Interpolating between 0 and the max finite f16 value previously overflowed
         // intermediate f16 computations and produced NaN.
         let mut values = vec![f16::from_f32(0.0), f16::from_f32(65504.0)];
-        let result =
-            calculate_percentile::<arrow::datatypes::Float16Type>(&mut values, 0.5)
-                .expect("non-empty input");
+        let result = calculate_percentile::<Float16Type>(&mut values, 0.5)
+            .expect("non-empty input");
         let result_f = result.to_f32();
         assert!(
             !result_f.is_nan(),