[ci] Update Github actions to latest major release #20488

Job	Run time
build_make (ubuntu:24.04)	3m 7s
build_make (alpine:3.23)	4m 48s
build_cmake (ubuntu:25.10, true, true)	2m 48s
build_cmake (ubuntu:24.04, true, true)	3m 1s
build_make (ubuntu:25.10)	3m 42s
build_cmake (alpine:3.23, false, false)	4m 48s
	22m 14s

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