diff --git a/.github/workflows/python-package.yml b/.github/workflows/python-package.yml
index 766d42a..ff63392 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/python-package.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/python-package.yml
@@ -27,11 +27,14 @@ jobs:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: |
-        python -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools
+        python -m pip install --upgrade "pip>=24.2" setuptools
         python -m pip install build
         python -m pip install twine
-        python -m pip install sphinx
-        if [ -f dev-requirements.txt ]; then pip install -r dev-requirements.txt; fi
+        python -m pip install --group dev
+    - name: Run linter
+      run: ruff check
+    - name: Check types
+      run: mypy
     - name: Run Tests
       run: |
         python tests.py
diff --git a/.python-version b/.python-version
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8cfe39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.python-version
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+3.10
diff --git a/AGENTS.md b/AGENTS.md
index 04ba5cb..536332e 100644
--- a/AGENTS.md
+++ b/AGENTS.md
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ This file provides guidance to Claude Code (claude.ai/code) when working with co
 ## Commands
 
 ```bash
-# Install dev dependencies
-pip install -r dev-requirements.txt
+# Install dev dependencies (requires pip >= 24.1)
+pip install --group dev
 
 # Run all tests
 python tests.py
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index 89a3e68..da77abd 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ Contributing
 Development Environment Setup
 --------------------------------
 
-Install dev dependencies:
+Install dev dependencies (requires pip >= 24.1 for dependency group support):
 
-    pip install -r dev-requirements.txt
+    pip install --group dev
 
 Running Tests
 ---------------
@@ -38,5 +38,5 @@ Unless you add better coverage someplace else, add a few examples of your names
 New Releases
 ------------
 
-    $ python setup.py sdist bdist_wheel
+    $ python -m build
     $ twine upload dist/*
diff --git a/README.rst b/README.rst
index f661ee9..15dcac1 100644
--- a/README.rst
+++ b/README.rst
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ Installation
 If you want to try out the latest code from GitHub you can
 install with pip using the command below.
 
-``pip install -e git+git://github.com/derek73/python-nameparser.git#egg=nameparser``
+``pip install -e git+https://github.com/derek73/python-nameparser.git``
 
 If you need to handle lists of names, check out
 `namesparser <https://github.com/gwu-libraries/namesparser>`_, a
diff --git a/dev-requirements.txt b/dev-requirements.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index edd07b3..0000000
--- a/dev-requirements.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-dill>=0.2.5
-Sphinx
diff --git a/docs/conf.py b/docs/conf.py
index 09c29c1..5df5adc 100644
--- a/docs/conf.py
+++ b/docs/conf.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# ruff: noqa: E402
 #
 # Nameparser documentation build configuration file, created by
 # sphinx-quickstart on Fri May 16 01:29:58 2014.
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@
 master_doc = 'index'
 
 # General information about the project.
-project = u'Nameparser'
-copyright = u'{:%Y}, Derek Gulbranson'.format(date.today())
+project = 'Nameparser'
+copyright = '{:%Y}, Derek Gulbranson'.format(date.today())
 
 # The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
 # |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the
@@ -223,8 +223,8 @@
 # (source start file, target name, title,
 #  author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]).
 latex_documents = [
-  ('index', 'Nameparser.tex', u'Nameparser Documentation',
-   u'Derek Gulbranson', 'manual'),
+  ('index', 'Nameparser.tex', 'Nameparser Documentation',
+   'Derek Gulbranson', 'manual'),
 ]
 
 # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of
@@ -253,8 +253,8 @@
 # One entry per manual page. List of tuples
 # (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
 man_pages = [
-    ('index', 'nameparser', u'Nameparser Documentation',
-     [u'Derek Gulbranson'], 1)
+    ('index', 'nameparser', 'Nameparser Documentation',
+     ['Derek Gulbranson'], 1)
 ]
 
 # If true, show URL addresses after external links.
@@ -267,8 +267,8 @@
 # (source start file, target name, title, author,
 #  dir menu entry, description, category)
 texinfo_documents = [
-  ('index', 'Nameparser', u'Nameparser Documentation',
-   u'Derek Gulbranson', 'Nameparser', 'A simple python modules for parsing human names into components.',
+  ('index', 'Nameparser', 'Nameparser Documentation',
+   'Derek Gulbranson', 'Nameparser', 'A simple python modules for parsing human names into components.',
    'Miscellaneous'),
 ]
 
diff --git a/nameparser/__init__.py b/nameparser/__init__.py
index ab914e9..c82d800 100644
--- a/nameparser/__init__.py
+++ b/nameparser/__init__.py
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
-VERSION = (1, 1, 3)
-__version__ = '.'.join(map(str, VERSION))
+from nameparser._version import VERSION as VERSION
+from nameparser._version import __version__ as __version__
+from nameparser.parser import HumanName as HumanName
 __author__ = "Derek Gulbranson"
 __author_email__ = 'derek73@gmail.com'
 __license__ = "LGPL"
 __url__ = "https://github.com/derek73/python-nameparser"
-
-
-from nameparser.parser import HumanName
diff --git a/nameparser/_version.py b/nameparser/_version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b04f37e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nameparser/_version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+VERSION = (1, 1, 3)
+__version__ = '.'.join(map(str, VERSION))
diff --git a/nameparser/config/__init__.py b/nameparser/config/__init__.py
index a9f102f..344e0d6 100644
--- a/nameparser/config/__init__.py
+++ b/nameparser/config/__init__.py
@@ -27,8 +27,12 @@
 ``hn.C`` will be a reference to the module config, possibly yielding 
 unexpected results. See `Customizing the Parser <customize.html>`_.
 """
+import re
 import sys
-from collections.abc import Set
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator, Mapping, Set
+from typing import Any, TypeVar
+
+from typing_extensions import Self
 
 from nameparser.util import lc
 from nameparser.config.prefixes import PREFIXES
@@ -38,7 +42,7 @@
 from nameparser.config.suffixes import SUFFIX_NOT_ACRONYMS
 from nameparser.config.titles import TITLES
 from nameparser.config.titles import FIRST_NAME_TITLES
-from nameparser.config.regexes import REGEXES
+from nameparser.config.regexes import EMPTY_REGEX, REGEXES
 
 DEFAULT_ENCODING = 'UTF-8'
 
@@ -55,25 +59,25 @@ class SetManager(Set):
 
     '''
 
-    def __init__(self, elements):
+    def __init__(self, elements: Iterable[str]) -> None:
         self.elements = set(elements)
 
-    def __call__(self):
+    def __call__(self) -> Set[str]:
         return self.elements
 
-    def __repr__(self):
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return "SetManager({})".format(self.elements)  # used for docs
 
-    def __iter__(self):
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
         return iter(self.elements)
 
-    def __contains__(self, value):
+    def __contains__(self, value: object) -> bool:
         return value in self.elements
 
-    def __len__(self):
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
         return len(self.elements)
 
-    def add_with_encoding(self, s, encoding=None):
+    def add_with_encoding(self, s: str, encoding: str | None = None) -> None:
         """
         Add the lower case and no-period version of the string to the set. Pass an
         explicit `encoding` parameter to specify the encoding of binary strings that
@@ -87,45 +91,59 @@ def add_with_encoding(self, s, encoding=None):
             s = s.decode(encoding)
         self.elements.add(lc(s))
 
-    def add(self, *strings):
+    def add(self, *strings: str) -> Self:
         """
         Add the lower case and no-period version of the string arguments to the set.
         Can pass a list of strings. Returns ``self`` for chaining.
         """
-        [self.add_with_encoding(s) for s in strings]
+        for s in strings:
+            self.add_with_encoding(s)
+
         return self
 
-    def remove(self, *strings):
+    def remove(self, *strings: str) -> Self:
         """
         Remove the lower case and no-period version of the string arguments from the set.
         Returns ``self`` for chaining.
         """
-        [self.elements.remove(lc(s)) for s in strings if lc(s) in self.elements]
+        for s in strings:
+            if (lower := lc(s)) in self.elements:
+                self.elements.remove(lower)
+
         return self
 
 
-class TupleManager(dict):
+T = TypeVar('T')
+
+
+class TupleManager(dict[str, T]):
     '''
     A dictionary with dot.notation access. Subclass of ``dict``. Makes the tuple constants 
     more friendly.
     '''
 
-    def __getattr__(self, attr):
+    def __getattr__(self, attr: str) -> T | None:
         return self.get(attr)
+
     __setattr__ = dict.__setitem__
     __delattr__ = dict.__delitem__
 
-    def __getstate__(self):
+    def __getstate__(self) -> Mapping[str, T]:
         return dict(self)
 
-    def __setstate__(self, state):
-        self.__init__(state)
+    def __setstate__(self, state: Mapping[str, T]) -> None:
+        self.update(state)
 
-    def __reduce__(self):
+    def __reduce__(self) -> tuple[type, tuple[()], Mapping[str, T]]:
         return (TupleManager, (), self.__getstate__())
 
 
-class Constants(object):
+class RegexTupleManager(TupleManager[re.Pattern[str]]):
+    def __getattr__(self, attr: str) -> re.Pattern[str]:
+        return self.get(attr, EMPTY_REGEX)
+
+
+class Constants:
     """
     An instance of this class hold all of the configuration constants for the parser.
 
@@ -149,6 +167,17 @@ class Constants(object):
         :py:attr:`regexes`  wrapped with :py:class:`TupleManager`.
     """
 
+    prefixes: SetManager
+    suffix_acronyms: SetManager
+    suffix_not_acronyms: SetManager
+    titles: SetManager
+    first_name_titles: SetManager
+    conjunctions: SetManager
+    capitalization_exceptions: TupleManager[str]
+    regexes: RegexTupleManager
+
+    _pst: Set[str] | None
+
     string_format = "{title} {first} {middle} {last} {suffix} ({nickname})"
     """
     The default string format use for all new `HumanName` instances.
@@ -168,9 +197,9 @@ class Constants(object):
     empty_attribute_default = ''
     """
     Default return value for empty attributes.
-    
+
     .. doctest::
-    
+
         >>> from nameparser.config import CONSTANTS
         >>> CONSTANTS.empty_attribute_default = None
         >>> name = HumanName("John Doe")
@@ -178,7 +207,7 @@ class Constants(object):
         None
         >>>name.first
         'John'
-        
+
     """
 
     capitalize_name = False
@@ -213,15 +242,15 @@ class Constants(object):
     """
 
     def __init__(self,
-                 prefixes=PREFIXES,
-                 suffix_acronyms=SUFFIX_ACRONYMS,
-                 suffix_not_acronyms=SUFFIX_NOT_ACRONYMS,
-                 titles=TITLES,
-                 first_name_titles=FIRST_NAME_TITLES,
-                 conjunctions=CONJUNCTIONS,
-                 capitalization_exceptions=CAPITALIZATION_EXCEPTIONS,
-                 regexes=REGEXES
-                 ):
+                 prefixes: Iterable[str] = PREFIXES,
+                 suffix_acronyms: Iterable[str] = SUFFIX_ACRONYMS,
+                 suffix_not_acronyms: Iterable[str] = SUFFIX_NOT_ACRONYMS,
+                 titles: Iterable[str] = TITLES,
+                 first_name_titles: Iterable[str] = FIRST_NAME_TITLES,
+                 conjunctions: Iterable[str] = CONJUNCTIONS,
+                 capitalization_exceptions: TupleManager[str] | Iterable[tuple[str, str]] = CAPITALIZATION_EXCEPTIONS,
+                 regexes: RegexTupleManager | TupleManager[re.Pattern[str]] | Iterable[tuple[str, re.Pattern[str]]] = REGEXES
+                 ) -> None:
         self.prefixes = SetManager(prefixes)
         self.suffix_acronyms = SetManager(suffix_acronyms)
         self.suffix_not_acronyms = SetManager(suffix_not_acronyms)
@@ -229,22 +258,22 @@ def __init__(self,
         self.first_name_titles = SetManager(first_name_titles)
         self.conjunctions = SetManager(conjunctions)
         self.capitalization_exceptions = TupleManager(capitalization_exceptions)
-        self.regexes = TupleManager(regexes)
+        self.regexes = RegexTupleManager(regexes)
         self._pst = None
 
     @property
-    def suffixes_prefixes_titles(self):
+    def suffixes_prefixes_titles(self) -> Set[str]:
         if not self._pst:
             self._pst = self.prefixes | self.suffix_acronyms | self.suffix_not_acronyms | self.titles
         return self._pst
 
-    def __repr__(self):
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return "<Constants() instance>"
 
-    def __setstate__(self, state):
-        self.__init__(state)
+    def __setstate__(self, state: Mapping[str, Any]) -> None:
+        Constants.__init__(self, state)
 
-    def __getstate__(self):
+    def __getstate__(self) -> Mapping[str, Any]:
         attrs = [x for x in dir(self) if not x.startswith('_')]
         return dict([(a, getattr(self, a)) for a in attrs])
 
diff --git a/nameparser/config/capitalization.py b/nameparser/config/capitalization.py
index f0a94dc..0172691 100644
--- a/nameparser/config/capitalization.py
+++ b/nameparser/config/capitalization.py
@@ -7,4 +7,4 @@
 )
 """
 Any pieces that are not capitalized by capitalizing the first letter.
-"""
\ No newline at end of file
+"""
diff --git a/nameparser/config/conjunctions.py b/nameparser/config/conjunctions.py
index 77be4fd..695c9ee 100644
--- a/nameparser/config/conjunctions.py
+++ b/nameparser/config/conjunctions.py
@@ -12,4 +12,4 @@
 Pieces that should join to their neighboring pieces, e.g. "and", "y" and "&".
 "of" and "the" are also include to facilitate joining multiple titles,
 e.g. "President of the United States".
-"""
\ No newline at end of file
+"""
diff --git a/nameparser/config/regexes.py b/nameparser/config/regexes.py
index 24d16b3..9852524 100644
--- a/nameparser/config/regexes.py
+++ b/nameparser/config/regexes.py
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
         '[\u2600-\u26FF\u2700-\u27BF])+', 
         re.UNICODE)
 
+EMPTY_REGEX = re.compile('')
+
 REGEXES = set([
     ("spaces", re.compile(r"\s+", re.U)),
     ("word", re.compile(r"(\w|\.)+", re.U)),
diff --git a/nameparser/parser.py b/nameparser/parser.py
index a08e744..efd9c4b 100644
--- a/nameparser/parser.py
+++ b/nameparser/parser.py
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 import re
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator
 from operator import itemgetter
 from itertools import groupby
 
-from nameparser.util import lc
+from typing import overload
+
+from nameparser.util import HumanNameAttributeT, lc
 from nameparser.util import log
 from nameparser.config import CONSTANTS
 from nameparser.config import Constants
@@ -11,20 +14,20 @@
 ENCODING = 'utf-8'
 
 
-def group_contiguous_integers(data):
+def group_contiguous_integers(data: Iterable[int]) -> list[tuple[int, int]]:
     """
     return list of tuples containing first and last index
     position of contiguous numbers in a series
     """
-    ranges = []
-    for key, group in groupby(enumerate(data), lambda i: i[0] - i[1]):
-        group = list(map(itemgetter(1), group))
+    ranges: list[tuple[int, int]] = []
+    for key, group_with_indices in groupby(enumerate(data), lambda i: i[0] - i[1]):
+        group = list(map(itemgetter(1), group_with_indices))
         if len(group) > 1:
             ranges.append((group[0], group[-1]))
     return ranges
 
 
-class HumanName(object):
+class HumanName:
     """
     Parse a person's name into individual components.
 
@@ -69,7 +72,7 @@ class HumanName(object):
     <customize.html>`_.
     """
 
-    original = ''
+    original: str | bytes = ''
     """
     The original string, untouched by the parser.
     """
@@ -79,10 +82,28 @@ class HumanName(object):
     unparsable = True
     _full_name = ''
 
-    def __init__(self, full_name="", constants=CONSTANTS, encoding=DEFAULT_ENCODING,
-                 string_format=None, initials_format=None, initials_delimiter=None,
-                 first=None, middle=None, last=None, title=None, suffix=None,
-                 nickname=None):
+    title_list: list[str]
+    first_list: list[str]
+    middle_list: list[str]
+    last_list: list[str]
+    suffix_list: list[str]
+    nickname_list: list[str]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        full_name: str | bytes = "",
+        constants: Constants = CONSTANTS,
+        encoding: str = DEFAULT_ENCODING,
+        string_format: str | None = None,
+        initials_format: str | None = None,
+        initials_delimiter: str | None = None,
+        first: str | list[str] | None = None,
+        middle: str | list[str] | None = None,
+        last: str | list[str] | None = None,
+        title: str | list[str] | None = None,
+        suffix: str | list[str] | None = None,
+        nickname: str | list[str] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
         self.C = constants
         if type(self.C) is not type(CONSTANTS):
             self.C = Constants()
@@ -103,38 +124,45 @@ def __init__(self, full_name="", constants=CONSTANTS, encoding=DEFAULT_ENCODING,
             # full_name setter triggers the parse
             self.full_name = full_name
 
-    def __iter__(self):
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
         return self
 
-    def __len__(self):
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
         l = 0
         for x in self:
             l += 1
         return l
 
-    def __eq__(self, other):
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
         """
         HumanName instances are equal to other objects whose
         lower case unicode representation is the same.
         """
         return str(self).lower() == str(other).lower()
 
-    def __ne__(self, other):
+    def __ne__(self, other: object) -> bool:
         return not str(self).lower() == str(other).lower()
 
-    def __getitem__(self, key):
+    @overload
+    def __getitem__(self, key: slice) -> list[str]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> str: ...
+    def __getitem__(self, key: slice | str) -> str | list[str]:
         if isinstance(key, slice):
             return [getattr(self, x) for x in self._members[key]]
         else:
             return getattr(self, key)
 
-    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+    def __setitem__(self, key: str, value: str) -> None:
         if key in self._members:
             self._set_list(key, value)
         else:
             raise KeyError("Not a valid HumanName attribute", key)
 
-    def __next__(self):
+    def next(self) -> str:
+        return self.__next__()
+
+    def __next__(self) -> str:
         if self._count >= len(self._members):
             self._count = 0
             raise StopIteration
@@ -143,7 +171,7 @@ def __next__(self):
             self._count = c + 1
             return getattr(self, self._members[c]) or next(self)
 
-    def __str__(self):
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
         if self.string_format:
             # string_format = "{title} {first} {middle} {last} {suffix} ({nickname})"
             _s = self.string_format.format(**self.as_dict())
@@ -152,10 +180,10 @@ def __str__(self):
             return self.collapse_whitespace(_s).strip(', ')
         return " ".join(self)
 
-    def __hash__(self):
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
         return hash(str(self))
 
-    def __repr__(self):
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
         if self.unparsable:
             _string = "<%(class)s : [ Unparsable ] >" % {'class': self.__class__.__name__, }
         else:
@@ -170,7 +198,7 @@ def __repr__(self):
             }
         return _string
 
-    def as_dict(self, include_empty=True):
+    def as_dict(self, include_empty: bool = True) -> dict[str, str]:
         """
         Return the parsed name as a dictionary of its attributes.
 
@@ -196,7 +224,7 @@ def as_dict(self, include_empty=True):
                     d[m] = val
         return d
 
-    def __process_initial__(self, name_part, firstname=False):
+    def __process_initial__(self, name_part: str, firstname: bool = False) -> str:
         """
             Name parts may include prefixes or conjunctions. This function filters these from the name unless it is
             a first name, since first names cannot be conjunctions or prefixes.
@@ -205,14 +233,14 @@ def __process_initial__(self, name_part, firstname=False):
         initials = []
         if len(parts) and isinstance(parts, list):
             for part in parts:
-                if not (self.is_prefix(part) or self.is_conjunction(part)) or firstname == True:
+                if not (self.is_prefix(part) or self.is_conjunction(part)) or firstname:
                     initials.append(part[0])
         if len(initials) > 0:
             return " ".join(initials)
         else:
             return self.C.empty_attribute_default
 
-    def initials_list(self):
+    def initials_list(self) -> list[str]:
         """
             Returns the initials as a list
 
@@ -230,7 +258,7 @@ def initials_list(self):
         last_initials_list = [self.__process_initial__(name) for name in self.last_list if name]
         return first_initials_list + middle_initials_list + last_initials_list
 
-    def initials(self):
+    def initials(self) -> str:
         """
             Return period-delimited initials of the first, middle and optionally last name.
 
@@ -264,7 +292,7 @@ def initials(self):
         return self.collapse_whitespace(_s)
 
     @property
-    def has_own_config(self):
+    def has_own_config(self) -> bool:
         """
         True if this instance is not using the shared module-level
         configuration.
@@ -274,7 +302,7 @@ def has_own_config(self):
     # attributes
 
     @property
-    def title(self):
+    def title(self) -> str:
         """
         The person's titles. Any string of consecutive pieces in
         :py:mod:`~nameparser.config.titles` or
@@ -283,32 +311,48 @@ def title(self):
         """
         return " ".join(self.title_list) or self.C.empty_attribute_default
 
+    @title.setter
+    def title(self, value: str | list[str] | None) -> None:
+        self._set_list('title', value)
+
     @property
-    def first(self):
+    def first(self) -> str:
         """
         The person's first name. The first name piece after any known
         :py:attr:`title` pieces parsed from :py:attr:`full_name`.
         """
         return " ".join(self.first_list) or self.C.empty_attribute_default
 
+    @first.setter
+    def first(self, value: str | list[str] | None) -> None:
+        self._set_list('first', value)
+
     @property
-    def middle(self):
+    def middle(self) -> str:
         """
         The person's middle names. All name pieces after the first name and
         before the last name parsed from :py:attr:`full_name`.
         """
         return " ".join(self.middle_list) or self.C.empty_attribute_default
 
+    @middle.setter
+    def middle(self, value: str | list[str] | None) -> None:
+        self._set_list('middle', value)
+
     @property
-    def last(self):
+    def last(self) -> str:
         """
         The person's last name. The last name piece parsed from
         :py:attr:`full_name`.
         """
         return " ".join(self.last_list) or self.C.empty_attribute_default
 
+    @last.setter
+    def last(self, value: str | list[str] | None) -> None:
+        self._set_list('last', value)
+
     @property
-    def suffix(self):
+    def suffix(self) -> str:
         """
         The persons's suffixes. Pieces at the end of the name that are found in
         :py:mod:`~nameparser.config.suffixes`, or pieces that are at the end
@@ -318,23 +362,31 @@ def suffix(self):
         """
         return ", ".join(self.suffix_list) or self.C.empty_attribute_default
 
+    @suffix.setter
+    def suffix(self, value: str | list[str] | None) -> None:
+        self._set_list('suffix', value)
+
     @property
-    def nickname(self):
+    def nickname(self) -> str:
         """
         The person's nicknames. Any text found inside of quotes (``""``) or
         parenthesis (``()``)
         """
         return " ".join(self.nickname_list) or self.C.empty_attribute_default
 
+    @nickname.setter
+    def nickname(self, value: str | list[str] | None) -> None:
+        self._set_list('nickname', value)
+
     @property
-    def surnames_list(self):
+    def surnames_list(self) -> list[str]:
         """
         List of middle names followed by last name.
         """
         return self.middle_list + self.last_list
 
     @property
-    def surnames(self):
+    def surnames(self) -> str:
         """
         A string of all middle names followed by the last name.
         """
@@ -342,7 +394,7 @@ def surnames(self):
 
     # setter methods
 
-    def _set_list(self, attr, value):
+    def _set_list(self, attr: str, value: str | list[str] | None) -> None:
         if isinstance(value, list):
             val = value
         elif isinstance(value, (str, bytes)):
@@ -352,40 +404,15 @@ def _set_list(self, attr, value):
         else:
             raise TypeError(
                 "Can only assign strings, lists or None to name attributes."
-                " Got {0}".format(type(value)))
+                " Got {}".format(type(value)))
         setattr(self, attr+"_list", self.parse_pieces(val))
 
-    @title.setter
-    def title(self, value):
-        self._set_list('title', value)
-
-    @first.setter
-    def first(self, value):
-        self._set_list('first', value)
-
-    @middle.setter
-    def middle(self, value):
-        self._set_list('middle', value)
-
-    @last.setter
-    def last(self, value):
-        self._set_list('last', value)
-
-    @suffix.setter
-    def suffix(self, value):
-        self._set_list('suffix', value)
-
-    @nickname.setter
-    def nickname(self, value):
-        self._set_list('nickname', value)
-
     # Parse helpers
-
-    def is_title(self, value):
+    def is_title(self, value: str) -> bool:
         """Is in the :py:data:`~nameparser.config.titles.TITLES` set."""
         return lc(value) in self.C.titles
 
-    def is_conjunction(self, piece):
+    def is_conjunction(self, piece: str) -> bool:
         """Is in the conjunctions set and not :py:func:`is_an_initial()`."""
         if isinstance(piece, list):
             for item in piece:
@@ -394,7 +421,7 @@ def is_conjunction(self, piece):
         else:
             return piece.lower() in self.C.conjunctions and not self.is_an_initial(piece)
 
-    def is_prefix(self, piece):
+    def is_prefix(self, piece: str) -> bool:
         """
         Lowercase and no periods version of piece is in the
         :py:data:`~nameparser.config.prefixes.PREFIXES` set.
@@ -406,14 +433,14 @@ def is_prefix(self, piece):
         else:
             return lc(piece) in self.C.prefixes
 
-    def is_roman_numeral(self, value):
+    def is_roman_numeral(self, value: str) -> bool:
         """
         Matches the ``roman_numeral`` regular expression in
         :py:data:`~nameparser.config.regexes.REGEXES`.
         """
         return bool(self.C.regexes.roman_numeral.match(value))
 
-    def is_suffix(self, piece):
+    def is_suffix(self, piece: str) -> bool:
         """
         Is in the suffixes set and not :py:func:`is_an_initial()`.
 
@@ -431,21 +458,21 @@ def is_suffix(self, piece):
                     or (lc(piece) in self.C.suffix_not_acronyms)) \
                 and not self.is_an_initial(piece)
 
-    def are_suffixes(self, pieces):
+    def are_suffixes(self, pieces: Iterable[str]) -> bool:
         """Return True if all pieces are suffixes."""
         for piece in pieces:
             if not self.is_suffix(piece):
                 return False
         return True
 
-    def is_rootname(self, piece):
+    def is_rootname(self, piece: str) -> bool:
         """
         Is not a known title, suffix or prefix. Just first, middle, last names.
         """
         return lc(piece) not in self.C.suffixes_prefixes_titles \
             and not self.is_an_initial(piece)
 
-    def is_an_initial(self, value):
+    def is_an_initial(self, value: str) -> bool:
         """
         Words with a single period at the end, or a single uppercase letter.
 
@@ -457,26 +484,29 @@ def is_an_initial(self, value):
     # full_name parser
 
     @property
-    def full_name(self):
+    def full_name(self) -> str:
         """The string output of the HumanName instance."""
         return self.__str__()
 
     @full_name.setter
-    def full_name(self, value):
+    def full_name(self, value: str | bytes) -> None:
         self.original = value
-        self._full_name = value
+
         if isinstance(value, bytes):
             self._full_name = value.decode(self.encoding)
+        else:
+            self._full_name = value
+
         self.parse_full_name()
 
-    def collapse_whitespace(self, string):
+    def collapse_whitespace(self, string: str) -> str:
         # collapse multiple spaces into single space
         string = self.C.regexes.spaces.sub(" ", string.strip())
         if string.endswith(","):
             string = string[:-1]
         return string
 
-    def pre_process(self):
+    def pre_process(self) -> None:
         """
 
         This method happens at the beginning of the :py:func:`parse_full_name`
@@ -489,7 +519,7 @@ def pre_process(self):
         self.parse_nicknames()
         self.squash_emoji()
 
-    def post_process(self):
+    def post_process(self) -> None:
         """
         This happens at the end of the :py:func:`parse_full_name` after
         all other processing has taken place. Runs :py:func:`handle_firstnames`
@@ -498,17 +528,14 @@ def post_process(self):
         self.handle_firstnames()
         self.handle_capitalization()
 
-    def fix_phd(self):
-        try:
-            _re = self.C.regexes.phd
-            match = _re.search(self._full_name)
-            if match:
-                self.suffix_list.append(match.group(1))
-                self._full_name = _re.sub('', self._full_name)
-        except AttributeError:
-            pass
+    def fix_phd(self) -> None:
+        _re = self.C.regexes.phd
 
-    def parse_nicknames(self):
+        if match := _re.search(self._full_name):
+            self.suffix_list.extend(match.groups())
+            self._full_name = _re.sub('', self._full_name)
+
+    def parse_nicknames(self) -> None:
         """
         The content of parenthesis or quotes in the name will be added to the
         nicknames list. This happens before any other processing of the name.
@@ -521,18 +548,16 @@ def parse_nicknames(self):
         `quoted_word`, `double_quotes` and `parenthesis`.
         """
 
-        empty_re = re.compile("")
-
-        re_quoted_word = self.C.regexes.quoted_word or empty_re
-        re_double_quotes = self.C.regexes.double_quotes or empty_re
-        re_parenthesis = self.C.regexes.parenthesis or empty_re
+        re_quoted_word = self.C.regexes.quoted_word
+        re_double_quotes = self.C.regexes.double_quotes
+        re_parenthesis = self.C.regexes.parenthesis
 
         for _re in (re_quoted_word, re_double_quotes, re_parenthesis):
             if _re.search(self._full_name):
                 self.nickname_list += [x for x in _re.findall(self._full_name)]
                 self._full_name = _re.sub('', self._full_name)
 
-    def squash_emoji(self):
+    def squash_emoji(self) -> None:
         """
         Remove emoji from the input string.
         """
@@ -540,7 +565,7 @@ def squash_emoji(self):
         if re_emoji and re_emoji.search(self._full_name):
             self._full_name = re_emoji.sub('', self._full_name)
 
-    def handle_firstnames(self):
+    def handle_firstnames(self) -> None:
         """
         If there are only two parts and one is a title, assume it's a last name
         instead of a first name. e.g. Mr. Johnson. Unless it's a special title
@@ -549,10 +574,10 @@ def handle_firstnames(self):
         """
         if self.title \
                 and len(self) == 2 \
-                and not lc(self.title) in self.C.first_name_titles:
+                and lc(self.title) not in self.C.first_name_titles:
             self.last, self.first = self.first, self.last
 
-    def parse_full_name(self):
+    def parse_full_name(self) -> None:
         """
 
         The main parse method for the parser. This method is run upon
@@ -613,6 +638,7 @@ def parse_full_name(self):
                         (
                             # if the next piece is the last piece and a roman
                             # numeral but this piece is not an initial
+                            nxt is not None and \
                             self.is_roman_numeral(nxt) and i == p_len - 2
                             and not self.is_an_initial(piece)
                 ):
@@ -712,7 +738,7 @@ def parse_full_name(self):
             self.unparsable = False
         self.post_process()
 
-    def parse_pieces(self, parts, additional_parts_count=0):
+    def parse_pieces(self, parts: Iterable[str], additional_parts_count: int = 0) -> list[str]:
         """
         Split parts on spaces and remove commas, join on conjunctions and
         lastname prefixes. If parts have periods in the middle, try splitting
@@ -729,11 +755,11 @@ def parse_pieces(self, parts, additional_parts_count=0):
         :rtype: list
         """
 
-        output = []
+        output: list[str] = []
         for part in parts:
             if not isinstance(part, (str, bytes)):
                 raise TypeError("Name parts must be strings. "
-                                "Got {0}".format(type(part)))
+                                " Got {}".format(type(part)))
             output += [x.strip(' ,') for x in part.split(' ')]
 
         # If part contains periods, check if it's multiple titles or suffixes
@@ -758,7 +784,7 @@ def parse_pieces(self, parts, additional_parts_count=0):
 
         return self.join_on_conjunctions(output, additional_parts_count)
 
-    def join_on_conjunctions(self, pieces, additional_parts_count=0):
+    def join_on_conjunctions(self, pieces: list[str], additional_parts_count: int = 0) -> list[str]:
         """
         Join conjunctions to surrounding pieces. Title- and prefix-aware. e.g.:
 
@@ -794,26 +820,13 @@ def join_on_conjunctions(self, pieces, additional_parts_count=0):
         conj_index = [i for i, piece in enumerate(pieces)
                       if self.is_conjunction(piece)]
 
-        contiguous_conj_i = []
-        for i, val in enumerate(conj_index):
-            try:
-                if conj_index[i+1] == val+1:
-                    contiguous_conj_i += [val]
-            except IndexError:
-                pass
-
         contiguous_conj_i = group_contiguous_integers(conj_index)
 
-        delete_i = []
-        for i in contiguous_conj_i:
-            if type(i) == tuple:
-                new_piece = " ".join(pieces[i[0]: i[1]+1])
-                delete_i += list(range(i[0]+1, i[1]+1))
-                pieces[i[0]] = new_piece
-            else:
-                new_piece = " ".join(pieces[i: i+2])
-                delete_i += [i+1]
-                pieces[i] = new_piece
+        delete_i: list[int] = []
+        for cont_i in contiguous_conj_i:
+            new_piece = " ".join(pieces[cont_i[0]: cont_i[1]+1])
+            delete_i += list(range(cont_i[0]+1, cont_i[1]+1))
+            pieces[cont_i[0]] = new_piece
             # add newly joined conjunctions to constants to be found later
             self.C.conjunctions.add(new_piece)
 
@@ -914,7 +927,7 @@ def join_on_conjunctions(self, pieces, additional_parts_count=0):
 
     # Capitalization Support
 
-    def cap_word(self, word, attribute):
+    def cap_word(self, word: str, attribute: HumanNameAttributeT) -> str:
         if (self.is_prefix(word) and attribute in ('last', 'middle')) \
                 or self.is_conjunction(word):
             return word.lower()
@@ -923,20 +936,22 @@ def cap_word(self, word, attribute):
             return exceptions[lc(word)]
         mac_match = self.C.regexes.mac.match(word)
         if mac_match:
-            def cap_after_mac(m):
+            def cap_after_mac(m: re.Match) -> str:
                 return m.group(1).capitalize() + m.group(2).capitalize()
             return self.C.regexes.mac.sub(cap_after_mac, word)
         else:
             return word.capitalize()
 
-    def cap_piece(self, piece, attribute):
+    def cap_piece(self, piece: str, attribute: HumanNameAttributeT) -> str:
         if not piece:
             return ""
 
-        def replacement(m): return self.cap_word(m.group(0), attribute)
+        def replacement(m: re.Match) -> str:
+            return self.cap_word(m.group(0), attribute)
+
         return self.C.regexes.word.sub(replacement, piece)
 
-    def capitalize(self, force=None):
+    def capitalize(self, force: bool | None = None) -> None:
         """
         The HumanName class can try to guess the correct capitalization of name
         entered in all upper or lower case. By default, it will not adjust the
@@ -977,7 +992,7 @@ def capitalize(self, force=None):
         self.last_list = self.cap_piece(self.last, 'last').split(' ')
         self.suffix_list = self.cap_piece(self.suffix, 'suffix').split(', ')
 
-    def handle_capitalization(self):
+    def handle_capitalization(self) -> None:
         """
         Handles capitalization configurations set within
         :py:class:`~nameparser.config.CONSTANTS`.
diff --git a/nameparser/py.typed b/nameparser/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/nameparser/util.py b/nameparser/util.py
index de8e282..3b28fe7 100644
--- a/nameparser/util.py
+++ b/nameparser/util.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import logging
+from typing import Literal
 
 # http://code.google.com/p/python-nameparser/issues/detail?id=10
 log = logging.getLogger('HumanName')
@@ -6,7 +7,10 @@
 log.setLevel(logging.ERROR)
 
 
-def lc(value):
+HumanNameAttributeT = Literal['title', 'first', 'middle', 'last', 'suffix', 'nickname', 'surnames']
+
+
+def lc(value: str) -> str:
     """Lower case and remove any periods to normalize for comparison."""
     if not value:
         return ''
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4355287
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+[project]
+name = "nameparser"
+description = "A simple Python module for parsing human names into their individual components."
+readme = "README.rst"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
+license = {text = "LGPL"}
+authors = [{name = "Derek Gulbranson", email = "derek73@gmail.com"}]
+dynamic = ["version"]
+keywords = ["names", "parser"]
+classifiers = [
+  "Intended Audience :: Developers",
+  "License :: OSI Approved :: GNU Library or Lesser General Public License (LGPL)",
+  "Operating System :: OS Independent",
+  "Programming Language :: Python",
+  "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
+  "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
+  "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
+  "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
+  "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
+  "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14",
+  "Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable",
+  "Natural Language :: English",
+  "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules",
+  "Topic :: Text Processing :: Linguistic",
+]
+dependencies = [
+  "typing_extensions (>=4.5.0); python_version < '3.11'"
+]
+
+[build-system]
+requires = ["setuptools (>=82.0.1)"]
+build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
+
+[tool.setuptools.dynamic]
+version = {attr = "nameparser._version.__version__"}
+
+[dependency-groups]
+dev = [
+  "dill (>=0.2.5)",
+  "sphinx (>=8)",
+  "mypy (>=2.1)",
+  "ruff (>=0.15)"
+]
+
+[tool.mypy]
+packages = ["nameparser"]
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = [
+  "dill.*",
+]
+ignore_missing_imports = true
+
+[tool.ruff.lint]
+extend-select = [
+  "ANN",   # flake8-annotations
+  "UP",    # pyupgrade
+]
+ignore = [
+  "E74",     # ambiguous-{variable,class,function}-name (I have trouble believing that these are real rules)
+  "UP031",   # printf-string-formatting (the code already uses % formatting)
+  "UP032",   # f-string (the code already uses str.format)
+]
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
deleted file mode 100755
index ab1bd10..0000000
--- a/setup.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-from setuptools import setup
-import nameparser
-import os
-
-def read(fname):
-    return open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), fname)).read()
-
-README = read('README.rst')
-
-setup(name='nameparser',
-      packages      = ['nameparser','nameparser.config'],
-      description   = 'A simple Python module for parsing human names into their individual components.',
-      long_description = README,
-      long_description_content_type = "text/x-rst",
-      version       = nameparser.__version__,
-      url           = nameparser.__url__,
-      author        = nameparser.__author__,
-      author_email  = nameparser.__author_email__,
-      license       = nameparser.__license__,
-      python_requires = '>=3.10',
-      keywords      = ['names','parser'],
-      classifiers = [
-          'Intended Audience :: Developers',
-          'Operating System :: OS Independent',
-          "License :: OSI Approved :: GNU Library or Lesser General Public License (LGPL)",
-          'Programming Language :: Python',
-          'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
-          'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10',
-          'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11',
-          'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12',
-          'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13',
-          'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14',
-          'Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable',
-          'Natural Language :: English',
-          "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules",
-          'Topic :: Text Processing :: Linguistic',
-      ]
-      )
diff --git a/tests.py b/tests.py
index 900ce40..c137ab4 100644
--- a/tests.py
+++ b/tests.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# ruff: noqa: E402
 import unittest
 """
 Run this file to run the tests.
@@ -19,6 +20,8 @@
 
 import logging
 import re
+from typing import Generic, TypeVar
+
 try:
     import dill
 except ImportError:
@@ -29,60 +32,58 @@
 
 log = logging.getLogger('HumanName')
 
-try:
-    unittest.expectedFailure
-except AttributeError:
-    # Python 2.6 backport
-    import unittest2 as unittest
+
+T = TypeVar('T')
 
 
-class HumanNameTestBase(unittest.TestCase):
-    def m(self, actual, expected, hn):
+class HumanNameTestBase(unittest.TestCase, Generic[T]):
+    def m(self, actual: T, expected: T, hn: HumanName) -> None:
         """assertEqual with a better message and awareness of hn.C.empty_attribute_default"""
-        expected = expected or hn.C.empty_attribute_default
+        expected_ = expected or hn.C.empty_attribute_default
         try:
-            self.assertEqual(actual, expected, "'%s' != '%s' for '%s'\n%r" % (
+            self.assertEqual(actual, expected_, "'%s' != '%s' for '%s'\n%r" % (
                 actual,
                 expected,
                 hn.original,
                 hn
             ))
         except UnicodeDecodeError:
-            self.assertEqual(actual, expected)
+            self.assertEqual(actual, expected_)
 
 
 class HumanNamePythonTests(HumanNameTestBase):
 
-    def test_utf8(self):
+    def test_utf8(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("de la Véña, Jüan")
         self.m(hn.first, "Jüan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Véña", hn)
 
-    def test_string_output(self):
+    def test_string_output(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("de la Véña, Jüan")
+        self.m(str(hn), "Jüan de la Véña", hn)
 
-    def test_escaped_utf8_bytes(self):
+    def test_escaped_utf8_bytes(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName(b'B\xc3\xb6ck, Gerald')
         self.m(hn.first, "Gerald", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Böck", hn)
 
-    def test_len(self):
+    def test_len(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe-Ray, Dr. John P., CLU, CFP, LUTC")
         self.m(len(hn), 5, hn)
         hn = HumanName("John Doe")
         self.m(len(hn), 2, hn)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(dill, "requires python-dill module to test pickling")
-    def test_config_pickle(self):
+    def test_config_pickle(self) -> None:
         constants = Constants()
         self.assertTrue(dill.pickles(constants))
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(dill, "requires python-dill module to test pickling")
-    def test_name_instance_pickle(self):
+    def test_name_instance_pickle(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Title First Middle Middle Last, Jr.")
         self.assertTrue(dill.pickles(hn))
 
-    def test_comparison(self):
+    def test_comparison(self) -> None:
         hn1 = HumanName("Doe-Ray, Dr. John P., CLU, CFP, LUTC")
         hn2 = HumanName("Dr. John P. Doe-Ray, CLU, CFP, LUTC")
         self.assertTrue(hn1 == hn2)
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ def test_comparison(self):
         self.assertTrue(not hn1 == ["test"])
         self.assertTrue(not hn1 == {"test": hn2})
 
-    def test_assignment_to_full_name(self):
+    def test_assignment_to_full_name(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("John A. Kenneth Doe, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
@@ -107,12 +108,12 @@ def test_assignment_to_full_name(self):
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test_get_full_name_attribute_references_internal_lists(self):
+    def test_get_full_name_attribute_references_internal_lists(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("John Williams")
         hn.first_list = ["Larry"]
         self.m(hn.full_name, "Larry Williams", hn)
 
-    def test_assignment_to_attribute(self):
+    def test_assignment_to_attribute(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("John A. Kenneth Doe, Jr.")
         hn.last = "de la Vega"
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ def test_assignment_to_attribute(self):
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
             hn.suffix = {"test": "test"}
 
-    def test_assign_list_to_attribute(self):
+    def test_assign_list_to_attribute(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("John A. Kenneth Doe, Jr.")
         hn.title = ["test1", "test2"]
         self.m(hn.title, "test1 test2", hn)
@@ -142,20 +143,20 @@ def test_assign_list_to_attribute(self):
         hn.suffix = ['test']
         self.m(hn.suffix, "test", hn)
 
-    def test_comparison_case_insensitive(self):
+    def test_comparison_case_insensitive(self) -> None:
         hn1 = HumanName("Doe-Ray, Dr. John P., CLU, CFP, LUTC")
         hn2 = HumanName("dr. john p. doe-Ray, CLU, CFP, LUTC")
         self.assertTrue(hn1 == hn2)
         self.assertTrue(hn1 is not hn2)
         self.assertTrue(hn1 == "Dr. John P. Doe-ray clu, CFP, LUTC")
 
-    def test_slice(self):
+    def test_slice(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe-Ray, Dr. John P., CLU, CFP, LUTC")
         self.m(list(hn), ['Dr.', 'John', 'P.', 'Doe-Ray', 'CLU, CFP, LUTC'], hn)
         self.m(hn[1:], ['John', 'P.', 'Doe-Ray', 'CLU, CFP, LUTC', hn.C.empty_attribute_default], hn)
         self.m(hn[1:-2], ['John', 'P.', 'Doe-Ray'], hn)
 
-    def test_getitem(self):
+    def test_getitem(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. John A. Kenneth Doe, Jr.")
         self.m(hn['title'], "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn['first'], "John", hn)
@@ -163,7 +164,7 @@ def test_getitem(self):
         self.m(hn['middle'], "A. Kenneth", hn)
         self.m(hn['suffix'], "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test_setitem(self):
+    def test_setitem(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. John A. Kenneth Doe, Jr.")
         hn['title'] = 'test'
         self.m(hn['title'], "test", hn)
@@ -174,89 +175,89 @@ def test_setitem(self):
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
             hn["suffix"] = {"test": "test"}
 
-    def test_conjunction_names(self):
+    def test_conjunction_names(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("johnny y")
         self.m(hn.first, "johnny", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "y", hn)
 
-    def test_prefix_names(self):
+    def test_prefix_names(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("vai la")
         self.m(hn.first, "vai", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "la", hn)
 
-    def test_blank_name(self):
+    def test_blank_name(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName()
         self.m(hn.first, "", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "", hn)
 
-    def test_surnames_list_attribute(self):
+    def test_surnames_list_attribute(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("John Edgar Casey Williams III")
         self.m(hn.surnames_list, ["Edgar", "Casey", "Williams"], hn)
 
-    def test_surnames_attribute(self):
+    def test_surnames_attribute(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("John Edgar Casey Williams III")
         self.m(hn.surnames, "Edgar Casey Williams", hn)
 
-    def test_is_prefix_with_list(self):
+    def test_is_prefix_with_list(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName()
         items = ['firstname', 'lastname', 'del']
         self.assertTrue(hn.is_prefix(items))
         self.assertTrue(hn.is_prefix(items[1:]))
 
-    def test_is_conjunction_with_list(self):
+    def test_is_conjunction_with_list(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName()
         items = ['firstname', 'lastname', 'and']
         self.assertTrue(hn.is_conjunction(items))
         self.assertTrue(hn.is_conjunction(items[1:]))
 
-    def test_override_constants(self):
+    def test_override_constants(self) -> None:
         C = Constants()
         hn = HumanName(constants=C)
         self.assertTrue(hn.C is C)
 
-    def test_override_regex(self):
+    def test_override_regex(self) -> None:
         var = TupleManager([("spaces", re.compile(r"\s+", re.U)),])
         C = Constants(regexes=var)
         hn = HumanName(constants=C)
         self.assertTrue(hn.C.regexes == var)
 
-    def test_override_titles(self):
+    def test_override_titles(self) -> None:
         var = ["abc","def"]
         C = Constants(titles=var)
         hn = HumanName(constants=C)
         self.assertTrue(sorted(hn.C.titles) == sorted(var))
 
-    def test_override_first_name_titles(self):
+    def test_override_first_name_titles(self) -> None:
         var = ["abc","def"]
         C = Constants(first_name_titles=var)
         hn = HumanName(constants=C)
         self.assertTrue(sorted(hn.C.first_name_titles) == sorted(var))
 
-    def test_override_prefixes(self):
+    def test_override_prefixes(self) -> None:
         var = ["abc","def"]
         C = Constants(prefixes=var)
         hn = HumanName(constants=C)
         self.assertTrue(sorted(hn.C.prefixes) == sorted(var))
 
-    def test_override_suffix_acronyms(self):
+    def test_override_suffix_acronyms(self) -> None:
         var = ["abc","def"]
         C = Constants(suffix_acronyms=var)
         hn = HumanName(constants=C)
         self.assertTrue(sorted(hn.C.suffix_acronyms) == sorted(var))
 
-    def test_override_suffix_not_acronyms(self):
+    def test_override_suffix_not_acronyms(self) -> None:
         var = ["abc","def"]
         C = Constants(suffix_not_acronyms=var)
         hn = HumanName(constants=C)
         self.assertTrue(sorted(hn.C.suffix_not_acronyms) == sorted(var))
 
-    def test_override_conjunctions(self):
+    def test_override_conjunctions(self) -> None:
         var = ["abc","def"]
         C = Constants(conjunctions=var)
         hn = HumanName(constants=C)
         self.assertTrue(sorted(hn.C.conjunctions) == sorted(var))
 
-    def test_override_capitalization_exceptions(self):
+    def test_override_capitalization_exceptions(self) -> None:
         var = TupleManager([("spaces", re.compile(r"\s+", re.U)),])
         C = Constants(capitalization_exceptions=var)
         hn = HumanName(constants=C)
@@ -264,11 +265,11 @@ def test_override_capitalization_exceptions(self):
 
 
 class FirstNameHandlingTests(HumanNameTestBase):
-    def test_first_name(self):
+    def test_first_name(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Andrew")
         self.m(hn.first, "Andrew", hn)
 
-    def test_assume_title_and_one_other_name_is_last_name(self):
+    def test_assume_title_and_one_other_name_is_last_name(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Rev Andrews")
         self.m(hn.title, "Rev", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Andrews", hn)
@@ -277,50 +278,50 @@ def test_assume_title_and_one_other_name_is_last_name(self):
     # but other suffixes like "George Jr." should be first names. Might be
     # related to https://github.com/derek73/python-nameparser/issues/2
     @unittest.expectedFailure
-    def test_assume_suffix_title_and_one_other_name_is_last_name(self):
+    def test_assume_suffix_title_and_one_other_name_is_last_name(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Andrews, M.D.")
         self.m(hn.suffix, "M.D.", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Andrews", hn)
 
-    def test_suffix_in_lastname_part_of_lastname_comma_format(self):
+    def test_suffix_in_lastname_part_of_lastname_comma_format(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Smith Jr., John")
         self.m(hn.last, "Smith", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test_sir_exception_to_first_name_rule(self):
+    def test_sir_exception_to_first_name_rule(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Sir Gerald")
         self.m(hn.title, "Sir", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Gerald", hn)
 
-    def test_king_exception_to_first_name_rule(self):
+    def test_king_exception_to_first_name_rule(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("King Henry")
         self.m(hn.title, "King", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Henry", hn)
 
-    def test_queen_exception_to_first_name_rule(self):
+    def test_queen_exception_to_first_name_rule(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Queen Elizabeth")
         self.m(hn.title, "Queen", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Elizabeth", hn)
 
-    def test_dame_exception_to_first_name_rule(self):
+    def test_dame_exception_to_first_name_rule(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dame Mary")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dame", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Mary", hn)
 
-    def test_first_name_is_not_prefix_if_only_two_parts(self):
+    def test_first_name_is_not_prefix_if_only_two_parts(self) -> None:
         """When there are only two parts, don't join prefixes or conjunctions"""
         hn = HumanName("Van Nguyen")
         self.m(hn.first, "Van", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Nguyen", hn)
 
-    def test_first_name_is_not_prefix_if_only_two_parts_comma(self):
+    def test_first_name_is_not_prefix_if_only_two_parts_comma(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Nguyen, Van")
         self.m(hn.first, "Van", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Nguyen", hn)
 
     @unittest.expectedFailure
-    def test_first_name_is_prefix_if_three_parts(self):
+    def test_first_name_is_prefix_if_three_parts(self) -> None:
         """Not sure how to fix this without breaking Mr and Mrs"""
         hn = HumanName("Mr. Van Nguyen")
         self.m(hn.first, "Van", hn)
@@ -329,168 +330,168 @@ def test_first_name_is_prefix_if_three_parts(self):
 
 class HumanNameBruteForceTests(HumanNameTestBase):
 
-    def test1(self):
+    def test1(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("John Doe")
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
 
-    def test2(self):
+    def test2(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("John Doe, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test3(self):
+    def test3(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("John Doe III")
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test4(self):
+    def test4(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe, John")
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
 
-    def test5(self):
+    def test5(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe, John, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test6(self):
+    def test6(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe, John III")
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test7(self):
+    def test7(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("John A. Doe")
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "A.", hn)
 
-    def test8(self):
+    def test8(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("John A. Doe, Jr")
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "A.", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr", hn)
 
-    def test9(self):
+    def test9(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("John A. Doe III")
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "A.", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test10(self):
+    def test10(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe, John A.")
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "A.", hn)
 
-    def test11(self):
+    def test11(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe, John A., Jr.")
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "A.", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test12(self):
+    def test12(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe, John A., III")
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "A.", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test13(self):
+    def test13(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("John A. Kenneth Doe")
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "A. Kenneth", hn)
 
-    def test14(self):
+    def test14(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("John A. Kenneth Doe, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "A. Kenneth", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test15(self):
+    def test15(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("John A. Kenneth Doe III")
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "A. Kenneth", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test16(self):
+    def test16(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe, John. A. Kenneth")
         self.m(hn.first, "John.", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "A. Kenneth", hn)
 
-    def test17(self):
+    def test17(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe, John. A. Kenneth, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.first, "John.", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "A. Kenneth", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test18(self):
+    def test18(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe, John. A. Kenneth III")
         self.m(hn.first, "John.", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "A. Kenneth", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test19(self):
+    def test19(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. John Doe")
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
 
-    def test20(self):
+    def test20(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. John Doe, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test21(self):
+    def test21(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. John Doe III")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test22(self):
+    def test22(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe, Dr. John")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
 
-    def test23(self):
+    def test23(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe, Dr. John, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test24(self):
+    def test24(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe, Dr. John III")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test25(self):
+    def test25(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. John A. Doe")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "A.", hn)
 
-    def test26(self):
+    def test26(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. John A. Doe, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
@@ -498,7 +499,7 @@ def test26(self):
         self.m(hn.middle, "A.", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test27(self):
+    def test27(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. John A. Doe III")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
@@ -506,14 +507,14 @@ def test27(self):
         self.m(hn.middle, "A.", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test28(self):
+    def test28(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe, Dr. John A.")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "A.", hn)
 
-    def test29(self):
+    def test29(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe, Dr. John A. Jr.")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
@@ -521,7 +522,7 @@ def test29(self):
         self.m(hn.middle, "A.", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test30(self):
+    def test30(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe, Dr. John A. III")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "A.", hn)
@@ -529,14 +530,14 @@ def test30(self):
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test31(self):
+    def test31(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. John A. Kenneth Doe")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "A. Kenneth", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
 
-    def test32(self):
+    def test32(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. John A. Kenneth Doe, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "A. Kenneth", hn)
@@ -544,14 +545,14 @@ def test32(self):
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test33(self):
+    def test33(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Al Arnold Gore, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.middle, "Arnold", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Al", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Gore", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test34(self):
+    def test34(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. John A. Kenneth Doe III")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "A. Kenneth", hn)
@@ -559,14 +560,14 @@ def test34(self):
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test35(self):
+    def test35(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe, Dr. John A. Kenneth")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "A. Kenneth", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
 
-    def test36(self):
+    def test36(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe, Dr. John A. Kenneth Jr.")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "A. Kenneth", hn)
@@ -574,7 +575,7 @@ def test36(self):
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test37(self):
+    def test37(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe, Dr. John A. Kenneth III")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "A. Kenneth", hn)
@@ -582,242 +583,242 @@ def test37(self):
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test38(self):
+    def test38(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Juan de la Vega")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
 
-    def test39(self):
+    def test39(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Juan de la Vega, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test40(self):
+    def test40(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Juan de la Vega III")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test41(self):
+    def test41(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("de la Vega, Juan")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
 
-    def test42(self):
+    def test42(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("de la Vega, Juan, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test43(self):
+    def test43(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("de la Vega, Juan III")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test44(self):
+    def test44(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Juan Velasquez y Garcia")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
 
-    def test45(self):
+    def test45(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Juan Velasquez y Garcia, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test46(self):
+    def test46(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Juan Velasquez y Garcia III")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test47(self):
+    def test47(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Velasquez y Garcia, Juan")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
 
-    def test48(self):
+    def test48(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Velasquez y Garcia, Juan, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test49(self):
+    def test49(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Velasquez y Garcia, Juan III")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test50(self):
+    def test50(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. Juan de la Vega")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
 
-    def test51(self):
+    def test51(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. Juan de la Vega, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test52(self):
+    def test52(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. Juan de la Vega III")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test53(self):
+    def test53(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("de la Vega, Dr. Juan")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
 
-    def test54(self):
+    def test54(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("de la Vega, Dr. Juan, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test55(self):
+    def test55(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("de la Vega, Dr. Juan III")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test56(self):
+    def test56(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. Juan Velasquez y Garcia")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
 
-    def test57(self):
+    def test57(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. Juan Velasquez y Garcia, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test58(self):
+    def test58(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. Juan Velasquez y Garcia III")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test59(self):
+    def test59(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Velasquez y Garcia, Dr. Juan")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
 
-    def test60(self):
+    def test60(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Velasquez y Garcia, Dr. Juan, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test61(self):
+    def test61(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Velasquez y Garcia, Dr. Juan III")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test62(self):
+    def test62(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Juan Q. de la Vega")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q.", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
 
-    def test63(self):
+    def test63(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Juan Q. de la Vega, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q.", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test64(self):
+    def test64(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Juan Q. de la Vega III")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q.", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test65(self):
+    def test65(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("de la Vega, Juan Q.")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q.", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
 
-    def test66(self):
+    def test66(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("de la Vega, Juan Q., Jr.")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q.", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test67(self):
+    def test67(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("de la Vega, Juan Q. III")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q.", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test68(self):
+    def test68(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Juan Q. Velasquez y Garcia")
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
 
-    def test69(self):
+    def test69(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Juan Q. Velasquez y Garcia, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test70(self):
+    def test70(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Juan Q. Velasquez y Garcia III")
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test71(self):
+    def test71(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Velasquez y Garcia, Juan Q.")
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
 
-    def test72(self):
+    def test72(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Velasquez y Garcia, Juan Q., Jr.")
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test73(self):
+    def test73(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Velasquez y Garcia, Juan Q. III")
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test74(self):
+    def test74(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. Juan Q. de la Vega")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q.", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
 
-    def test75(self):
+    def test75(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. Juan Q. de la Vega, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
@@ -825,7 +826,7 @@ def test75(self):
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test76(self):
+    def test76(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. Juan Q. de la Vega III")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
@@ -833,14 +834,14 @@ def test76(self):
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test77(self):
+    def test77(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("de la Vega, Dr. Juan Q.")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q.", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
 
-    def test78(self):
+    def test78(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("de la Vega, Dr. Juan Q., Jr.")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
@@ -848,7 +849,7 @@ def test78(self):
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
 
-    def test79(self):
+    def test79(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("de la Vega, Dr. Juan Q. III")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
@@ -856,14 +857,14 @@ def test79(self):
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
 
-    def test80(self):
+    def test80(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. Juan Q. Velasquez y Garcia")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
 
-    def test81(self):
+    def test81(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. Juan Q. Velasquez y Garcia, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q.", hn)
@@ -871,7 +872,7 @@ def test81(self):
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test82(self):
+    def test82(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. Juan Q. Velasquez y Garcia III")
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q.", hn)
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
@@ -879,14 +880,14 @@ def test82(self):
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test83(self):
+    def test83(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Velasquez y Garcia, Dr. Juan Q.")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
 
-    def test84(self):
+    def test84(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Velasquez y Garcia, Dr. Juan Q., Jr.")
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
@@ -894,7 +895,7 @@ def test84(self):
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test85(self):
+    def test85(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Velasquez y Garcia, Dr. Juan Q. III")
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
@@ -902,54 +903,54 @@ def test85(self):
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test86(self):
+    def test86(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Juan Q. Xavier de la Vega")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q. Xavier", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
 
-    def test87(self):
+    def test87(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Juan Q. Xavier de la Vega, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q. Xavier", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test88(self):
+    def test88(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Juan Q. Xavier de la Vega III")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q. Xavier", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test89(self):
+    def test89(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("de la Vega, Juan Q. Xavier")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q. Xavier", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
 
-    def test90(self):
+    def test90(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("de la Vega, Juan Q. Xavier, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q. Xavier", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test91(self):
+    def test91(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("de la Vega, Juan Q. Xavier III")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q. Xavier", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test92(self):
+    def test92(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. Juan Q. Xavier de la Vega")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q. Xavier", hn)
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
 
-    def test93(self):
+    def test93(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. Juan Q. Xavier de la Vega, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
@@ -957,7 +958,7 @@ def test93(self):
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q. Xavier", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test94(self):
+    def test94(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. Juan Q. Xavier de la Vega III")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
@@ -965,14 +966,14 @@ def test94(self):
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q. Xavier", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test95(self):
+    def test95(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("de la Vega, Dr. Juan Q. Xavier")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q. Xavier", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
 
-    def test96(self):
+    def test96(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("de la Vega, Dr. Juan Q. Xavier, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la Vega", hn)
@@ -980,7 +981,7 @@ def test96(self):
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q. Xavier", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test97(self):
+    def test97(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("de la Vega, Dr. Juan Q. Xavier III")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
@@ -988,54 +989,54 @@ def test97(self):
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q. Xavier", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test98(self):
+    def test98(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Juan Q. Xavier Velasquez y Garcia")
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q. Xavier", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
 
-    def test99(self):
+    def test99(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Juan Q. Xavier Velasquez y Garcia, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q. Xavier", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test100(self):
+    def test100(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Juan Q. Xavier Velasquez y Garcia III")
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q. Xavier", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test101(self):
+    def test101(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Velasquez y Garcia, Juan Q. Xavier")
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q. Xavier", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
 
-    def test102(self):
+    def test102(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Velasquez y Garcia, Juan Q. Xavier, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q. Xavier", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test103(self):
+    def test103(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Velasquez y Garcia, Juan Q. Xavier III")
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q. Xavier", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test104(self):
+    def test104(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. Juan Q. Xavier Velasquez y Garcia")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q. Xavier", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
 
-    def test105(self):
+    def test105(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. Juan Q. Xavier Velasquez y Garcia, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q. Xavier", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
@@ -1043,7 +1044,7 @@ def test105(self):
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test106(self):
+    def test106(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. Juan Q. Xavier Velasquez y Garcia III")
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q. Xavier", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
@@ -1051,14 +1052,14 @@ def test106(self):
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test107(self):
+    def test107(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Velasquez y Garcia, Dr. Juan Q. Xavier")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q. Xavier", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
 
-    def test108(self):
+    def test108(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Velasquez y Garcia, Dr. Juan Q. Xavier, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q. Xavier", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
@@ -1066,7 +1067,7 @@ def test108(self):
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test109(self):
+    def test109(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Velasquez y Garcia, Dr. Juan Q. Xavier III")
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q. Xavier", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
@@ -1074,20 +1075,20 @@ def test109(self):
         self.m(hn.last, "Velasquez y Garcia", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test110(self):
+    def test110(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("John Doe, CLU, CFP, LUTC")
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "CLU, CFP, LUTC", hn)
 
-    def test111(self):
+    def test111(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("John P. Doe, CLU, CFP, LUTC")
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "P.", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "CLU, CFP, LUTC", hn)
 
-    def test112(self):
+    def test112(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. John P. Doe-Ray, CLU, CFP, LUTC")
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "P.", hn)
@@ -1095,7 +1096,7 @@ def test112(self):
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "CLU, CFP, LUTC", hn)
 
-    def test113(self):
+    def test113(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe-Ray, Dr. John P., CLU, CFP, LUTC")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "P.", hn)
@@ -1103,14 +1104,14 @@ def test113(self):
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe-Ray", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "CLU, CFP, LUTC", hn)
 
-    def test115(self):
+    def test115(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Hon. Barrington P. Doe-Ray, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.title, "Hon.", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "P.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Barrington", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe-Ray", hn)
 
-    def test116(self):
+    def test116(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe-Ray, Hon. Barrington P. Jr., CFP, LUTC")
         self.m(hn.title, "Hon.", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "P.", hn)
@@ -1118,14 +1119,14 @@ def test116(self):
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe-Ray", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr., CFP, LUTC", hn)
 
-    def test117(self):
+    def test117(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Rt. Hon. Paul E. Mary")
         self.m(hn.title, "Rt. Hon.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Paul", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "E.", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Mary", hn)
 
-    def test119(self):
+    def test119(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Lord God Almighty")
         self.m(hn.title, "Lord", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "God", hn)
@@ -1134,80 +1135,80 @@ def test119(self):
 
 class HumanNameConjunctionTestCase(HumanNameTestBase):
     # Last name with conjunction
-    def test_last_name_with_conjunction(self):
+    def test_last_name_with_conjunction(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName('Jose Aznar y Lopez')
         self.m(hn.first, "Jose", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Aznar y Lopez", hn)
 
-    def test_multiple_conjunctions(self):
+    def test_multiple_conjunctions(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("part1 of The part2 of the part3 and part4")
         self.m(hn.first, "part1 of The part2 of the part3 and part4", hn)
 
-    def test_multiple_conjunctions2(self):
+    def test_multiple_conjunctions2(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("part1 of and The part2 of the part3 And part4")
         self.m(hn.first, "part1 of and The part2 of the part3 And part4", hn)
 
-    def test_ends_with_conjunction(self):
+    def test_ends_with_conjunction(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Jon Dough and")
         self.m(hn.first, "Jon", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Dough and", hn)
 
-    def test_ends_with_two_conjunctions(self):
+    def test_ends_with_two_conjunctions(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Jon Dough and of")
         self.m(hn.first, "Jon", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Dough and of", hn)
 
-    def test_starts_with_conjunction(self):
+    def test_starts_with_conjunction(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("and Jon Dough")
         self.m(hn.first, "and Jon", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Dough", hn)
 
-    def test_starts_with_two_conjunctions(self):
+    def test_starts_with_two_conjunctions(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("the and Jon Dough")
         self.m(hn.first, "the and Jon", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Dough", hn)
 
     # Potential conjunction/prefix treated as initial (because uppercase)
-    def test_uppercase_middle_initial_conflict_with_conjunction(self):
+    def test_uppercase_middle_initial_conflict_with_conjunction(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName('John E Smith')
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "E", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Smith", hn)
 
-    def test_lowercase_middle_initial_with_period_conflict_with_conjunction(self):
+    def test_lowercase_middle_initial_with_period_conflict_with_conjunction(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName('john e. smith')
         self.m(hn.first, "john", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "e.", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "smith", hn)
 
     # The conjunction "e" can also be an initial
-    def test_lowercase_first_initial_conflict_with_conjunction(self):
+    def test_lowercase_first_initial_conflict_with_conjunction(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName('e j smith')
         self.m(hn.first, "e", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "j", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "smith", hn)
 
-    def test_lowercase_middle_initial_conflict_with_conjunction(self):
+    def test_lowercase_middle_initial_conflict_with_conjunction(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName('John e Smith')
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "e", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Smith", hn)
 
-    def test_lowercase_middle_initial_and_suffix_conflict_with_conjunction(self):
+    def test_lowercase_middle_initial_and_suffix_conflict_with_conjunction(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName('John e Smith, III')
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "e", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Smith", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test_lowercase_middle_initial_and_nocomma_suffix_conflict_with_conjunction(self):
+    def test_lowercase_middle_initial_and_nocomma_suffix_conflict_with_conjunction(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName('John e Smith III')
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "e", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Smith", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test_lowercase_middle_initial_comma_lastname_and_suffix_conflict_with_conjunction(self):
+    def test_lowercase_middle_initial_comma_lastname_and_suffix_conflict_with_conjunction(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName('Smith, John e, III, Jr')
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "e", hn)
@@ -1215,73 +1216,81 @@ def test_lowercase_middle_initial_comma_lastname_and_suffix_conflict_with_conjun
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III, Jr", hn)
 
     @unittest.expectedFailure
-    def test_two_initials_conflict_with_conjunction(self):
+    def test_two_initials_conflict_with_conjunction(self) -> None:
         # Supporting this seems to screw up titles with periods in them like M.B.A.
         hn = HumanName('E.T. Smith')
         self.m(hn.first, "E.", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "T.", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Smith", hn)
 
-    def test_couples_names(self):
+    def test_couples_names(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName('John and Jane Smith')
         self.m(hn.first, "John and Jane", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Smith", hn)
 
-    def test_couples_names_with_conjunction_lastname(self):
+    def test_couples_names_with_conjunction_lastname(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName('John and Jane Aznar y Lopez')
         self.m(hn.first, "John and Jane", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Aznar y Lopez", hn)
 
-    def test_couple_titles(self):
+    def test_couple_titles(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName('Mr. and Mrs. John and Jane Smith')
         self.m(hn.title, "Mr. and Mrs.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "John and Jane", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Smith", hn)
 
-    def test_title_with_three_part_name_last_initial_is_suffix_uppercase_no_period(self):
+    def test_title_with_three_part_name_last_initial_is_suffix_uppercase_no_period(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("King John Alexander V")
         self.m(hn.title, "King", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Alexander", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "V", hn)
 
-    def test_four_name_parts_with_suffix_that_could_be_initial_lowercase_no_period(self):
+    def test_four_name_parts_with_suffix_that_could_be_initial_lowercase_no_period(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("larry james edward johnson v")
         self.m(hn.first, "larry", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "james edward", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "johnson", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "v", hn)
 
-    def test_four_name_parts_with_suffix_that_could_be_initial_uppercase_no_period(self):
+    def test_four_name_parts_with_suffix_that_could_be_initial_uppercase_no_period(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Larry James Johnson I")
         self.m(hn.first, "Larry", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "James", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Johnson", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "I", hn)
 
-    def test_roman_numeral_initials(self):
+    def test_roman_numeral_initials(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Larry V I")
         self.m(hn.first, "Larry", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "V", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "I", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "", hn)
 
+    def test_roman_numeral_suffix_not_in_suffix_list(self) -> None:
+        # VI-X are not in the suffix word lists, so they reach the
+        # is_roman_numeral(nxt) branch rather than are_suffixes()
+        hn = HumanName("John Smith VI")
+        self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
+        self.m(hn.last, "Smith", hn)
+        self.m(hn.suffix, "VI", hn)
+
     # tests for Rev. title (Reverend)
-    def test124(self):
+    def test124(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Rev. John A. Kenneth Doe")
         self.m(hn.title, "Rev.", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "A. Kenneth", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
 
-    def test125(self):
+    def test125(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Rev John A. Kenneth Doe")
         self.m(hn.title, "Rev", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "A. Kenneth", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
 
-    def test126(self):
+    def test126(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe, Rev. John A. Jr.")
         self.m(hn.title, "Rev.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
@@ -1289,42 +1298,42 @@ def test126(self):
         self.m(hn.middle, "A.", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test127(self):
+    def test127(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Buca di Beppo")
         self.m(hn.first, "Buca", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "di Beppo", hn)
 
-    def test_le_as_last_name(self):
+    def test_le_as_last_name(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Yin Le")
         self.m(hn.first, "Yin", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Le", hn)
 
-    def test_le_as_last_name_with_middle_initial(self):
+    def test_le_as_last_name_with_middle_initial(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Yin a Le")
         self.m(hn.first, "Yin", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "a", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Le", hn)
 
-    def test_conjunction_in_an_address_with_a_title(self):
+    def test_conjunction_in_an_address_with_a_title(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("His Excellency Lord Duncan")
         self.m(hn.title, "His Excellency Lord", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Duncan", hn)
 
     @unittest.expectedFailure
-    def test_conjunction_in_an_address_with_a_first_name_title(self):
+    def test_conjunction_in_an_address_with_a_first_name_title(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth")
         self.m(hn.title, "Her Majesty Queen", hn)
         # if you want to be technical, Queen is in FIRST_NAME_TITLES
         self.m(hn.first, "Elizabeth", hn)
 
-    def test_name_is_conjunctions(self):
+    def test_name_is_conjunctions(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("e and e")
         self.m(hn.first, "e and e", hn)
 
 
 class ConstantsCustomization(HumanNameTestBase):
 
-    def test_add_title(self):
+    def test_add_title(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Te Awanui-a-Rangi Black", constants=None)
         start_len = len(hn.C.titles)
         self.assertTrue(start_len > 0)
@@ -1335,7 +1344,7 @@ def test_add_title(self):
         self.m(hn.first, "Awanui-a-Rangi", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Black", hn)
 
-    def test_remove_title(self):
+    def test_remove_title(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Hon Solo", constants=None)
         start_len = len(hn.C.titles)
         self.assertTrue(start_len > 0)
@@ -1345,7 +1354,7 @@ def test_remove_title(self):
         self.m(hn.first, "Hon", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Solo", hn)
 
-    def test_add_multiple_arguments(self):
+    def test_add_multiple_arguments(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Assoc Dean of Chemistry Robert Johns", constants=None)
         hn.C.titles.add('dean', 'Chemistry')
         hn.parse_full_name()
@@ -1353,7 +1362,7 @@ def test_add_multiple_arguments(self):
         self.m(hn.first, "Robert", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Johns", hn)
 
-    def test_instances_can_have_own_constants(self):
+    def test_instances_can_have_own_constants(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("", None)
         hn2 = HumanName("")
         hn.C.titles.remove('hon')
@@ -1362,7 +1371,7 @@ def test_instances_can_have_own_constants(self):
         self.assertEqual('hon' in hn2.C.titles, True)
         self.assertEqual(hn2.has_own_config, False)
 
-    def test_can_change_global_constants(self):
+    def test_can_change_global_constants(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("")
         hn2 = HumanName("")
         hn.C.titles.remove('hon')
@@ -1373,7 +1382,7 @@ def test_can_change_global_constants(self):
         # clean up so we don't mess up other tests
         hn.C.titles.add('hon')
 
-    def test_remove_multiple_arguments(self):
+    def test_remove_multiple_arguments(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Ms Hon Solo", constants=None)
         hn.C.titles.remove('hon', 'ms')
         hn.parse_full_name()
@@ -1381,7 +1390,7 @@ def test_remove_multiple_arguments(self):
         self.m(hn.middle, "Hon", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Solo", hn)
 
-    def test_chain_multiple_arguments(self):
+    def test_chain_multiple_arguments(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dean Ms Hon Solo", constants=None)
         hn.C.titles.remove('hon', 'ms').add('dean')
         hn.parse_full_name()
@@ -1390,7 +1399,7 @@ def test_chain_multiple_arguments(self):
         self.m(hn.middle, "Hon", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Solo", hn)
 
-    def test_empty_attribute_default(self):
+    def test_empty_attribute_default(self) -> None:
         from nameparser.config import CONSTANTS
         _orig = CONSTANTS.empty_attribute_default
         CONSTANTS.empty_attribute_default = None
@@ -1403,7 +1412,7 @@ def test_empty_attribute_default(self):
         self.m(hn.nickname, None, hn)
         CONSTANTS.empty_attribute_default = _orig
 
-    def test_empty_attribute_on_instance(self):
+    def test_empty_attribute_on_instance(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("", None)
         hn.C.empty_attribute_default = None
         self.m(hn.title, None, hn)
@@ -1413,12 +1422,12 @@ def test_empty_attribute_on_instance(self):
         self.m(hn.suffix, None, hn)
         self.m(hn.nickname, None, hn)
 
-    def test_none_empty_attribute_string_formatting(self):
+    def test_none_empty_attribute_string_formatting(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("", None)
         hn.C.empty_attribute_default = None
         self.assertEqual('', str(hn), hn)
 
-    def test_add_constant_with_explicit_encoding(self):
+    def test_add_constant_with_explicit_encoding(self) -> None:
         c = Constants()
         c.titles.add_with_encoding(b'b\351ck', encoding='latin_1')
         self.assertIn('béck', c.titles)
@@ -1426,35 +1435,35 @@ def test_add_constant_with_explicit_encoding(self):
 
 class NicknameTestCase(HumanNameTestBase):
     # https://code.google.com/p/python-nameparser/issues/detail?id=33
-    def test_nickname_in_parenthesis(self):
+    def test_nickname_in_parenthesis(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Benjamin (Ben) Franklin")
         self.m(hn.first, "Benjamin", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Franklin", hn)
         self.m(hn.nickname, "Ben", hn)
 
-    def test_two_word_nickname_in_parenthesis(self):
+    def test_two_word_nickname_in_parenthesis(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Benjamin (Big Ben) Franklin")
         self.m(hn.first, "Benjamin", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Franklin", hn)
         self.m(hn.nickname, "Big Ben", hn)
 
-    def test_two_words_in_quotes(self):
+    def test_two_words_in_quotes(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName('Benjamin "Big Ben" Franklin')
         self.m(hn.first, "Benjamin", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Franklin", hn)
         self.m(hn.nickname, "Big Ben", hn)
 
-    def test_nickname_in_parenthesis_with_comma(self):
+    def test_nickname_in_parenthesis_with_comma(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Franklin, Benjamin (Ben)")
         self.m(hn.first, "Benjamin", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Franklin", hn)
         self.m(hn.nickname, "Ben", hn)
 
-    def test_nickname_in_parenthesis_with_comma_and_suffix(self):
+    def test_nickname_in_parenthesis_with_comma_and_suffix(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Franklin, Benjamin (Ben), Jr.")
         self.m(hn.first, "Benjamin", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "", hn)
@@ -1462,63 +1471,63 @@ def test_nickname_in_parenthesis_with_comma_and_suffix(self):
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.nickname, "Ben", hn)
 
-    def test_nickname_in_single_quotes(self):
+    def test_nickname_in_single_quotes(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Benjamin 'Ben' Franklin")
         self.m(hn.first, "Benjamin", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Franklin", hn)
         self.m(hn.nickname, "Ben", hn)
 
-    def test_nickname_in_double_quotes(self):
+    def test_nickname_in_double_quotes(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Benjamin \"Ben\" Franklin")
         self.m(hn.first, "Benjamin", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Franklin", hn)
         self.m(hn.nickname, "Ben", hn)
 
-    def test_single_quotes_on_first_name_not_treated_as_nickname(self):
+    def test_single_quotes_on_first_name_not_treated_as_nickname(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Brian Andrew O'connor")
         self.m(hn.first, "Brian", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "Andrew", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "O'connor", hn)
         self.m(hn.nickname, "", hn)
 
-    def test_single_quotes_on_both_name_not_treated_as_nickname(self):
+    def test_single_quotes_on_both_name_not_treated_as_nickname(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("La'tanya O'connor")
         self.m(hn.first, "La'tanya", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "O'connor", hn)
         self.m(hn.nickname, "", hn)
 
-    def test_single_quotes_on_end_of_last_name_not_treated_as_nickname(self):
+    def test_single_quotes_on_end_of_last_name_not_treated_as_nickname(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Mari' Aube'")
         self.m(hn.first, "Mari'", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Aube'", hn)
         self.m(hn.nickname, "", hn)
 
-    def test_okina_inside_name_not_treated_as_nickname(self):
+    def test_okina_inside_name_not_treated_as_nickname(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Harrieta Keōpūolani Nāhiʻenaʻena")
         self.m(hn.first, "Harrieta", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "Keōpūolani", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Nāhiʻenaʻena", hn)
         self.m(hn.nickname, "", hn)
 
-    def test_single_quotes_not_treated_as_nickname_Hawaiian_example(self):
+    def test_single_quotes_not_treated_as_nickname_Hawaiian_example(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Harietta Keopuolani Nahi'ena'ena")
         self.m(hn.first, "Harietta", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "Keopuolani", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Nahi'ena'ena", hn)
         self.m(hn.nickname, "", hn)
 
-    def test_single_quotes_not_treated_as_nickname_Kenyan_example(self):
+    def test_single_quotes_not_treated_as_nickname_Kenyan_example(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Naomi Wambui Ng'ang'a")
         self.m(hn.first, "Naomi", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "Wambui", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Ng'ang'a", hn)
         self.m(hn.nickname, "", hn)
 
-    def test_single_quotes_not_treated_as_nickname_Samoan_example(self):
+    def test_single_quotes_not_treated_as_nickname_Samoan_example(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Va'apu'u Vitale")
         self.m(hn.first, "Va'apu'u", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "", hn)
@@ -1526,27 +1535,27 @@ def test_single_quotes_not_treated_as_nickname_Samoan_example(self):
         self.m(hn.nickname, "", hn)
 
     # http://code.google.com/p/python-nameparser/issues/detail?id=17
-    def test_parenthesis_are_removed_from_name(self):
+    def test_parenthesis_are_removed_from_name(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("John Jones (Unknown)")
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Jones", hn)
         # not testing the nicknames because we don't actually care
         # about Google Docs here
 
-    def test_duplicate_parenthesis_are_removed_from_name(self):
+    def test_duplicate_parenthesis_are_removed_from_name(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("John Jones (Google Docs), Jr. (Unknown)")
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Jones", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test_nickname_and_last_name(self):
+    def test_nickname_and_last_name(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName('"Rick" Edmonds')
         self.m(hn.first, "", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Edmonds", hn)
         self.m(hn.nickname, "Rick", hn)
 
     @unittest.expectedFailure
-    def test_nickname_and_last_name_with_title(self):
+    def test_nickname_and_last_name_with_title(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName('Senator "Rick" Edmonds')
         self.m(hn.title, "Senator", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "", hn)
@@ -1599,69 +1608,69 @@ def test_nickname_and_last_name_with_title(self):
 
 class PrefixesTestCase(HumanNameTestBase):
 
-    def test_prefix(self):
+    def test_prefix(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Juan del Sur")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "del Sur", hn)
 
-    def test_prefix_with_period(self):
+    def test_prefix_with_period(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Jill St. John")
         self.m(hn.first, "Jill", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "St. John", hn)
 
-    def test_prefix_before_two_part_last_name(self):
+    def test_prefix_before_two_part_last_name(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("pennie von bergen wessels")
         self.m(hn.first, "pennie", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "von bergen wessels", hn)
 
-    def test_prefix_is_first_name(self):
+    def test_prefix_is_first_name(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Van Johnson")
         self.m(hn.first, "Van", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Johnson", hn)
 
-    def test_prefix_is_first_name_with_middle_name(self):
+    def test_prefix_is_first_name_with_middle_name(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Van Jeremy Johnson")
         self.m(hn.first, "Van", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "Jeremy", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Johnson", hn)
 
-    def test_prefix_before_two_part_last_name_with_suffix(self):
+    def test_prefix_before_two_part_last_name_with_suffix(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("pennie von bergen wessels III")
         self.m(hn.first, "pennie", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "von bergen wessels", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test_prefix_before_two_part_last_name_with_acronym_suffix(self):
+    def test_prefix_before_two_part_last_name_with_acronym_suffix(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("pennie von bergen wessels M.D.")
         self.m(hn.first, "pennie", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "von bergen wessels", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "M.D.", hn)
 
-    def test_two_part_last_name_with_suffix_comma(self):
+    def test_two_part_last_name_with_suffix_comma(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("pennie von bergen wessels, III")
         self.m(hn.first, "pennie", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "von bergen wessels", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test_two_part_last_name_with_suffix(self):
+    def test_two_part_last_name_with_suffix(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("von bergen wessels, pennie III")
         self.m(hn.first, "pennie", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "von bergen wessels", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test_last_name_two_part_last_name_with_two_suffixes(self):
+    def test_last_name_two_part_last_name_with_two_suffixes(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("von bergen wessels MD, pennie III")
         self.m(hn.first, "pennie", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "von bergen wessels", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "MD, III", hn)
 
-    def test_comma_two_part_last_name_with_acronym_suffix(self):
+    def test_comma_two_part_last_name_with_acronym_suffix(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("von bergen wessels, pennie MD")
         self.m(hn.first, "pennie", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "von bergen wessels", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "MD", hn)
 
-    def test_comma_two_part_last_name_with_suffix_in_first_part(self):
+    def test_comma_two_part_last_name_with_suffix_in_first_part(self) -> None:
         # I'm kinda surprised this works, not really sure if this is a
         # realistic place for a suffix to be.
         hn = HumanName("von bergen wessels MD, pennie")
@@ -1669,25 +1678,25 @@ def test_comma_two_part_last_name_with_suffix_in_first_part(self):
         self.m(hn.last, "von bergen wessels", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "MD", hn)
 
-    def test_title_two_part_last_name_with_suffix_in_first_part(self):
+    def test_title_two_part_last_name_with_suffix_in_first_part(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("pennie von bergen wessels MD, III")
         self.m(hn.first, "pennie", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "von bergen wessels", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "MD, III", hn)
 
-    def test_portuguese_dos(self):
+    def test_portuguese_dos(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Rafael Sousa dos Anjos")
         self.m(hn.first, "Rafael", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "Sousa", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "dos Anjos", hn)
 
-    def test_portuguese_prefixes(self):
+    def test_portuguese_prefixes(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Joao da Silva do Amaral de Souza")
         self.m(hn.first, "Joao", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "da Silva do Amaral", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de Souza", hn)
 
-    def test_three_conjunctions(self):
+    def test_three_conjunctions(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. Juan Q. Xavier de la dos Vega III")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la dos Vega", hn)
@@ -1695,7 +1704,7 @@ def test_three_conjunctions(self):
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q. Xavier", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test_lastname_three_conjunctions(self):
+    def test_lastname_three_conjunctions(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("de la dos Vega, Dr. Juan Q. Xavier III")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la dos Vega", hn)
@@ -1703,7 +1712,7 @@ def test_lastname_three_conjunctions(self):
         self.m(hn.middle, "Q. Xavier", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
-    def test_comma_three_conjunctions(self):
+    def test_comma_three_conjunctions(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. Juan Q. Xavier de la dos Vega, III")
         self.m(hn.first, "Juan", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "de la dos Vega", hn)
@@ -1714,19 +1723,19 @@ def test_comma_three_conjunctions(self):
 
 class SuffixesTestCase(HumanNameTestBase):
 
-    def test_suffix(self):
+    def test_suffix(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Joe Franklin Jr")
         self.m(hn.first, "Joe", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Franklin", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr", hn)
 
-    def test_suffix_with_periods(self):
+    def test_suffix_with_periods(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Joe Dentist D.D.S.")
         self.m(hn.first, "Joe", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Dentist", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "D.D.S.", hn)
 
-    def test_two_suffixes(self):
+    def test_two_suffixes(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Kenneth Clarke QC MP")
         self.m(hn.first, "Kenneth", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Clarke", hn)
@@ -1734,79 +1743,85 @@ def test_two_suffixes(self):
         # not ideal but at least its in the right bucket
         self.m(hn.suffix, "QC, MP", hn)
 
-    def test_two_suffixes_lastname_comma_format(self):
+    def test_two_suffixes_lastname_comma_format(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Washington Jr. MD, Franklin")
         self.m(hn.first, "Franklin", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Washington", hn)
         # NOTE: this adds a comma when the original format did not have one.
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr., MD", hn)
 
-    def test_two_suffixes_suffix_comma_format(self):
+    def test_two_suffixes_suffix_comma_format(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Franklin Washington, Jr. MD")
         self.m(hn.first, "Franklin", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Washington", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr. MD", hn)
 
-    def test_suffix_containing_periods(self):
+    def test_suffix_containing_periods(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Kenneth Clarke Q.C.")
         self.m(hn.first, "Kenneth", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Clarke", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Q.C.", hn)
 
-    def test_suffix_containing_periods_lastname_comma_format(self):
+    def test_suffix_containing_periods_lastname_comma_format(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Clarke, Kenneth, Q.C. M.P.")
         self.m(hn.first, "Kenneth", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Clarke", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Q.C. M.P.", hn)
 
-    def test_suffix_containing_periods_suffix_comma_format(self):
+    def test_suffix_containing_periods_suffix_comma_format(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Kenneth Clarke Q.C., M.P.")
         self.m(hn.first, "Kenneth", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Clarke", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Q.C., M.P.", hn)
 
-    def test_suffix_with_single_comma_format(self):
+    def test_suffix_with_single_comma_format(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("John Doe jr., MD")
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "jr., MD", hn)
 
-    def test_suffix_with_double_comma_format(self):
+    def test_suffix_with_double_comma_format(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe, John jr., MD")
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "jr., MD", hn)
 
-    def test_phd_with_erroneous_space(self):
+    def test_phd_with_erroneous_space(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("John Smith, Ph. D.")
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Smith", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Ph. D.", hn)
 
-    def test_phd_conflict(self):
+    def test_phd_extracted_without_comma(self) -> None:
+        hn = HumanName("John Smith Ph. D.")
+        self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
+        self.m(hn.last, "Smith", hn)
+        self.m(hn.suffix, "Ph. D.", hn)
+
+    def test_phd_conflict(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Adolph D")
         self.m(hn.first, "Adolph", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "D", hn)
 
     # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma_(surname)
 
-    def test_potential_suffix_that_is_also_last_name(self):
+    def test_potential_suffix_that_is_also_last_name(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Jack Ma")
         self.m(hn.first, "Jack", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Ma", hn)
 
-    def test_potential_suffix_that_is_also_last_name_comma(self):
+    def test_potential_suffix_that_is_also_last_name_comma(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Ma, Jack")
         self.m(hn.first, "Jack", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Ma", hn)
 
-    def test_potential_suffix_that_is_also_last_name_with_suffix(self):
+    def test_potential_suffix_that_is_also_last_name_with_suffix(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Jack Ma Jr")
         self.m(hn.first, "Jack", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Ma", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr", hn)
 
-    def test_potential_suffix_that_is_also_last_name_with_suffix_comma(self):
+    def test_potential_suffix_that_is_also_last_name_with_suffix_comma(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Ma III, Jack Jr")
         self.m(hn.first, "Jack", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Ma", hn)
@@ -1814,25 +1829,25 @@ def test_potential_suffix_that_is_also_last_name_with_suffix_comma(self):
 
     # https://github.com/derek73/python-nameparser/issues/27
     @unittest.expectedFailure
-    def test_king(self):
+    def test_king(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr King Jr")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "King", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr", hn)
 
-    def test_multiple_letter_suffix_with_periods(self):
+    def test_multiple_letter_suffix_with_periods(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("John Doe Msc.Ed.")
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Msc.Ed.", hn)
 
-    def test_suffix_with_periods_with_comma(self):
+    def test_suffix_with_periods_with_comma(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("John Doe, Msc.Ed.")
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Msc.Ed.", hn)
 
-    def test_suffix_with_periods_with_lastname_comma(self):
+    def test_suffix_with_periods_with_lastname_comma(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe, John Msc.Ed.")
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
@@ -1841,13 +1856,13 @@ def test_suffix_with_periods_with_lastname_comma(self):
 
 class TitleTestCase(HumanNameTestBase):
 
-    def test_last_name_is_also_title(self):
+    def test_last_name_is_also_title(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Amy E Maid")
         self.m(hn.first, "Amy", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "E", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Maid", hn)
 
-    def test_last_name_is_also_title_no_comma(self):
+    def test_last_name_is_also_title_no_comma(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Martin", hn)
@@ -1855,7 +1870,7 @@ def test_last_name_is_also_title_no_comma(self):
         self.m(hn.last, "King", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test_last_name_is_also_title_with_comma(self):
+    def test_last_name_is_also_title_with_comma(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Dr Martin Luther King, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.title, "Dr", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Martin", hn)
@@ -1863,57 +1878,57 @@ def test_last_name_is_also_title_with_comma(self):
         self.m(hn.last, "King", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test_last_name_is_also_title3(self):
+    def test_last_name_is_also_title3(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("John King")
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "King", hn)
 
-    def test_title_with_conjunction(self):
+    def test_title_with_conjunction(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Secretary of State Hillary Clinton")
         self.m(hn.title, "Secretary of State", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Hillary", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Clinton", hn)
 
-    def test_compound_title_with_conjunction(self):
+    def test_compound_title_with_conjunction(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Cardinal Secretary of State Hillary Clinton")
         self.m(hn.title, "Cardinal Secretary of State", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Hillary", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Clinton", hn)
 
-    def test_title_is_title(self):
+    def test_title_is_title(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Coach")
         self.m(hn.title, "Coach", hn)
 
     # TODO: fix handling of U.S.
     @unittest.expectedFailure
-    def test_chained_title_first_name_title_is_initials(self):
+    def test_chained_title_first_name_title_is_initials(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("U.S. District Judge Marc Thomas Treadwell")
         self.m(hn.title, "U.S. District Judge", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Marc", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "Thomas", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Treadwell", hn)
 
-    def test_conflict_with_chained_title_first_name_initial(self):
+    def test_conflict_with_chained_title_first_name_initial(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("U. S. Grant")
         self.m(hn.first, "U.", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "S.", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Grant", hn)
 
-    def test_chained_title_first_name_initial_with_no_period(self):
+    def test_chained_title_first_name_initial_with_no_period(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("US Magistrate Judge T Michael Putnam")
         self.m(hn.title, "US Magistrate Judge", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "T", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "Michael", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Putnam", hn)
 
-    def test_chained_hyphenated_title(self):
+    def test_chained_hyphenated_title(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("US Magistrate-Judge Elizabeth E Campbell")
         self.m(hn.title, "US Magistrate-Judge", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Elizabeth", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "E", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Campbell", hn)
 
-    def test_chained_hyphenated_title_with_comma_suffix(self):
+    def test_chained_hyphenated_title_with_comma_suffix(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Mag-Judge Harwell G Davis, III")
         self.m(hn.title, "Mag-Judge", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Harwell", hn)
@@ -1922,47 +1937,47 @@ def test_chained_hyphenated_title_with_comma_suffix(self):
         self.m(hn.suffix, "III", hn)
 
     @unittest.expectedFailure
-    def test_title_multiple_titles_with_apostrophe_s(self):
+    def test_title_multiple_titles_with_apostrophe_s(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("The Right Hon. the President of the Queen's Bench Division")
         self.m(hn.title, "The Right Hon. the President of the Queen's Bench Division", hn)
 
-    def test_title_starts_with_conjunction(self):
+    def test_title_starts_with_conjunction(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("The Rt Hon John Jones")
         self.m(hn.title, "The Rt Hon", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Jones", hn)
 
-    def test_conjunction_before_title(self):
+    def test_conjunction_before_title(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName('The Lord of the Universe')
         self.m(hn.title, "The Lord of the Universe", hn)
 
-    def test_double_conjunction_on_title(self):
+    def test_double_conjunction_on_title(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName('Lord of the Universe')
         self.m(hn.title, "Lord of the Universe", hn)
 
-    def test_triple_conjunction_on_title(self):
+    def test_triple_conjunction_on_title(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName('Lord and of the Universe')
         self.m(hn.title, "Lord and of the Universe", hn)
 
-    def test_multiple_conjunctions_on_multiple_titles(self):
+    def test_multiple_conjunctions_on_multiple_titles(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName('Lord of the Universe and Associate Supreme Queen of the World Lisa Simpson')
         self.m(hn.title, "Lord of the Universe and Associate Supreme Queen of the World", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "Lisa", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Simpson", hn)
 
-    def test_title_with_last_initial_is_suffix(self):
+    def test_title_with_last_initial_is_suffix(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("King John V.")
         self.m(hn.title, "King", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "V.", hn)
 
-    def test_initials_also_suffix(self):
+    def test_initials_also_suffix(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Smith, J.R.")
         self.m(hn.first, "J.R.", hn)
         # self.m(hn.middle, "R.", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Smith", hn)
 
-    def test_two_title_parts_separated_by_periods(self):
+    def test_two_title_parts_separated_by_periods(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Lt.Gen. John A. Kenneth Doe IV")
         self.m(hn.title, "Lt.Gen.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
@@ -1970,7 +1985,7 @@ def test_two_title_parts_separated_by_periods(self):
         self.m(hn.middle, "A. Kenneth", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "IV", hn)
 
-    def test_two_part_title(self):
+    def test_two_part_title(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Lt. Gen. John A. Kenneth Doe IV")
         self.m(hn.title, "Lt. Gen.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
@@ -1978,7 +1993,7 @@ def test_two_part_title(self):
         self.m(hn.middle, "A. Kenneth", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "IV", hn)
 
-    def test_two_part_title_with_lastname_comma(self):
+    def test_two_part_title_with_lastname_comma(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe, Lt. Gen. John A. Kenneth IV")
         self.m(hn.title, "Lt. Gen.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
@@ -1986,7 +2001,7 @@ def test_two_part_title_with_lastname_comma(self):
         self.m(hn.middle, "A. Kenneth", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "IV", hn)
 
-    def test_two_part_title_with_suffix_comma(self):
+    def test_two_part_title_with_suffix_comma(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Lt. Gen. John A. Kenneth Doe, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.title, "Lt. Gen.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
@@ -1994,7 +2009,7 @@ def test_two_part_title_with_suffix_comma(self):
         self.m(hn.middle, "A. Kenneth", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test_possible_conflict_with_middle_initial_that_could_be_suffix(self):
+    def test_possible_conflict_with_middle_initial_that_could_be_suffix(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe, Rev. John V, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.title, "Rev.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
@@ -2002,7 +2017,7 @@ def test_possible_conflict_with_middle_initial_that_could_be_suffix(self):
         self.m(hn.middle, "V", hn)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "Jr.", hn)
 
-    def test_possible_conflict_with_suffix_that_could_be_initial(self):
+    def test_possible_conflict_with_suffix_that_could_be_initial(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe, Rev. John A., V, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.title, "Rev.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
@@ -2013,69 +2028,69 @@ def test_possible_conflict_with_suffix_that_could_be_initial(self):
     # 'ben' is removed from PREFIXES in v0.2.5
     # this test could re-enable this test if we decide to support 'ben' as a prefix
     @unittest.expectedFailure
-    def test_ben_as_conjunction(self):
+    def test_ben_as_conjunction(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Ahmad ben Husain")
         self.m(hn.first, "Ahmad", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "ben Husain", hn)
 
-    def test_ben_as_first_name(self):
+    def test_ben_as_first_name(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Ben Johnson")
         self.m(hn.first, "Ben", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Johnson", hn)
 
-    def test_ben_as_first_name_with_middle_name(self):
+    def test_ben_as_first_name_with_middle_name(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Ben Alex Johnson")
         self.m(hn.first, "Ben", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "Alex", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Johnson", hn)
 
-    def test_ben_as_middle_name(self):
+    def test_ben_as_middle_name(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Alex Ben Johnson")
         self.m(hn.first, "Alex", hn)
         self.m(hn.middle, "Ben", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Johnson", hn)
 
     # http://code.google.com/p/python-nameparser/issues/detail?id=13
-    def test_last_name_also_prefix(self):
+    def test_last_name_also_prefix(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Jane Doctor")
         self.m(hn.first, "Jane", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doctor", hn)
 
-    def test_title_with_periods(self):
+    def test_title_with_periods(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Lt.Gov. John Doe")
         self.m(hn.title, "Lt.Gov.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
 
-    def test_title_with_periods_lastname_comma(self):
+    def test_title_with_periods_lastname_comma(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe, Lt.Gov. John")
         self.m(hn.title, "Lt.Gov.", hn)
         self.m(hn.first, "John", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Doe", hn)
 
-    def test_mac_with_spaces(self):
+    def test_mac_with_spaces(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Jane Mac Beth")
         self.m(hn.first, "Jane", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Mac Beth", hn)
 
-    def test_mac_as_first_name(self):
+    def test_mac_as_first_name(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Mac Miller")
         self.m(hn.first, "Mac", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Miller", hn)
 
-    def test_multiple_prefixes(self):
+    def test_multiple_prefixes(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Mike van der Velt")
         self.m(hn.first, "Mike", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "van der Velt", hn)
 
-    def test_2_same_prefixes_in_the_name(self):
+    def test_2_same_prefixes_in_the_name(self) -> None:
         hh = HumanName("Vincent van Gogh van Beethoven")
         self.m(hh.first, "Vincent", hh)
         self.m(hh.middle, "van Gogh", hh)
         self.m(hh.last, "van Beethoven", hh)
 
 class HumanNameCapitalizationTestCase(HumanNameTestBase):
-    def test_capitalization_exception_for_III(self):
+    def test_capitalization_exception_for_III(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName('juan q. xavier velasquez y garcia iii')
         hn.capitalize()
         self.m(str(hn), 'Juan Q. Xavier Velasquez y Garcia III', hn)
@@ -2083,71 +2098,71 @@ def test_capitalization_exception_for_III(self):
     # FIXME: this test does not pass due to a known issue
     # http://code.google.com/p/python-nameparser/issues/detail?id=22
     @unittest.expectedFailure
-    def test_capitalization_exception_for_already_capitalized_III_KNOWN_FAILURE(self):
+    def test_capitalization_exception_for_already_capitalized_III_KNOWN_FAILURE(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName('juan garcia III')
         hn.capitalize()
         self.m(str(hn), 'Juan Garcia III', hn)
 
-    def test_capitalize_title(self):
+    def test_capitalize_title(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName('lt. gen. john a. kenneth doe iv')
         hn.capitalize()
         self.m(str(hn), 'Lt. Gen. John A. Kenneth Doe IV', hn)
 
-    def test_capitalize_title_to_lower(self):
+    def test_capitalize_title_to_lower(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName('LT. GEN. JOHN A. KENNETH DOE IV')
         hn.capitalize()
         self.m(str(hn), 'Lt. Gen. John A. Kenneth Doe IV', hn)
 
     # Capitalization with M(a)c and hyphenated names
-    def test_capitalization_with_Mac_as_hyphenated_names(self):
+    def test_capitalization_with_Mac_as_hyphenated_names(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName('donovan mcnabb-smith')
         hn.capitalize()
         self.m(str(hn), 'Donovan McNabb-Smith', hn)
 
-    def test_capitization_middle_initial_is_also_a_conjunction(self):
+    def test_capitization_middle_initial_is_also_a_conjunction(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName('scott e. werner')
         hn.capitalize()
         self.m(str(hn), 'Scott E. Werner', hn)
 
     # Leaving already-capitalized names alone
-    def test_no_change_to_mixed_chase(self):
+    def test_no_change_to_mixed_chase(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName('Shirley Maclaine')
         hn.capitalize()
         self.m(str(hn), 'Shirley Maclaine', hn)
 
-    def test_force_capitalization(self):
+    def test_force_capitalization(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName('Shirley Maclaine')
         hn.capitalize(force=True)
         self.m(str(hn), 'Shirley MacLaine', hn)
 
-    def test_capitalize_diacritics(self):
+    def test_capitalize_diacritics(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName('matthëus schmidt')
         hn.capitalize()
         self.m(str(hn), 'Matthëus Schmidt', hn)
 
     # http://code.google.com/p/python-nameparser/issues/detail?id=15
-    def test_downcasing_mac(self):
+    def test_downcasing_mac(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName('RONALD MACDONALD')
         hn.capitalize()
         self.m(str(hn), 'Ronald MacDonald', hn)
 
     # http://code.google.com/p/python-nameparser/issues/detail?id=23
-    def test_downcasing_mc(self):
+    def test_downcasing_mc(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName('RONALD MCDONALD')
         hn.capitalize()
         self.m(str(hn), 'Ronald McDonald', hn)
 
-    def test_short_names_with_mac(self):
+    def test_short_names_with_mac(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName('mack johnson')
         hn.capitalize()
         self.m(str(hn), 'Mack Johnson', hn)
 
-    def test_portuguese_prefixes(self):
+    def test_portuguese_prefixes(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("joao da silva do amaral de souza")
         hn.capitalize()
         self.m(str(hn), 'Joao da Silva do Amaral de Souza', hn)
 
-    def test_capitalize_prefix_clash_on_first_name(self):
+    def test_capitalize_prefix_clash_on_first_name(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("van nguyen")
         hn.capitalize()
         self.m(str(hn), 'Van Nguyen', hn)
@@ -2155,12 +2170,12 @@ def test_capitalize_prefix_clash_on_first_name(self):
 
 class HumanNameOutputFormatTests(HumanNameTestBase):
 
-    def test_formatting_init_argument(self):
+    def test_formatting_init_argument(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Rev John A. Kenneth Doe III (Kenny)",
                        string_format="TEST1")
         self.assertEqual(str(hn), "TEST1")
 
-    def test_formatting_constants_attribute(self):
+    def test_formatting_constants_attribute(self) -> None:
         from nameparser.config import CONSTANTS
         _orig = CONSTANTS.string_format
         CONSTANTS.string_format = "TEST2"
@@ -2168,14 +2183,14 @@ def test_formatting_constants_attribute(self):
         self.assertEqual(str(hn), "TEST2")
         CONSTANTS.string_format = _orig
 
-    def test_capitalize_name_constants_attribute(self):
+    def test_capitalize_name_constants_attribute(self) -> None:
         from nameparser.config import CONSTANTS
         CONSTANTS.capitalize_name = True
         hn = HumanName("bob v. de la macdole-eisenhower phd")
         self.assertEqual(str(hn), "Bob V. de la MacDole-Eisenhower Ph.D.")
         CONSTANTS.capitalize_name = False
 
-    def test_force_mixed_case_capitalization_constants_attribute(self):
+    def test_force_mixed_case_capitalization_constants_attribute(self) -> None:
         from nameparser.config import CONSTANTS
         CONSTANTS.force_mixed_case_capitalization = True
         hn = HumanName('Shirley Maclaine')
@@ -2183,21 +2198,21 @@ def test_force_mixed_case_capitalization_constants_attribute(self):
         self.assertEqual(str(hn), "Shirley MacLaine")
         CONSTANTS.force_mixed_case_capitalization = False
 
-    def test_capitalize_name_and_force_mixed_case_capitalization_constants_attributes(self):
+    def test_capitalize_name_and_force_mixed_case_capitalization_constants_attributes(self) -> None:
         from nameparser.config import CONSTANTS
         CONSTANTS.capitalize_name = True
         CONSTANTS.force_mixed_case_capitalization = True
         hn = HumanName('Shirley Maclaine')
         self.assertEqual(str(hn), "Shirley MacLaine")
 
-    def test_quote_nickname_formating(self):
+    def test_quote_nickname_formating(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Rev John A. Kenneth Doe III (Kenny)")
         hn.string_format = "{title} {first} {middle} {last} {suffix} '{nickname}'"
         self.assertEqual(str(hn), "Rev John A. Kenneth Doe III 'Kenny'")
         hn.string_format = "{last}, {title} {first} {middle}, {suffix} '{nickname}'"
         self.assertEqual(str(hn), "Doe, Rev John A. Kenneth, III 'Kenny'")
 
-    def test_formating_removing_keys_from_format_string(self):
+    def test_formating_removing_keys_from_format_string(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Rev John A. Kenneth Doe III (Kenny)")
         hn.string_format = "{title} {first} {middle} {last} {suffix} '{nickname}'"
         self.assertEqual(str(hn), "Rev John A. Kenneth Doe III 'Kenny'")
@@ -2212,7 +2227,7 @@ def test_formating_removing_keys_from_format_string(self):
         hn.string_format = "{first} {last}"
         self.assertEqual(str(hn), "John Doe")
 
-    def test_formating_removing_pieces_from_name_buckets(self):
+    def test_formating_removing_pieces_from_name_buckets(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Rev John A. Kenneth Doe III (Kenny)")
         hn.string_format = "{title} {first} {middle} {last} {suffix} '{nickname}'"
         self.assertEqual(str(hn), "Rev John A. Kenneth Doe III 'Kenny'")
@@ -2225,47 +2240,47 @@ def test_formating_removing_pieces_from_name_buckets(self):
         hn.title = ''
         self.assertEqual(str(hn), "John Doe")
 
-    def test_formating_of_nicknames_with_parenthesis(self):
+    def test_formating_of_nicknames_with_parenthesis(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Rev John A. Kenneth Doe III (Kenny)")
         hn.string_format = "{title} {first} {middle} {last} {suffix} ({nickname})"
         self.assertEqual(str(hn), "Rev John A. Kenneth Doe III (Kenny)")
         hn.nickname = ''
         self.assertEqual(str(hn), "Rev John A. Kenneth Doe III")
 
-    def test_formating_of_nicknames_with_single_quotes(self):
+    def test_formating_of_nicknames_with_single_quotes(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Rev John A. Kenneth Doe III (Kenny)")
         hn.string_format = "{title} {first} {middle} {last} {suffix} '{nickname}'"
         self.assertEqual(str(hn), "Rev John A. Kenneth Doe III 'Kenny'")
         hn.nickname = ''
         self.assertEqual(str(hn), "Rev John A. Kenneth Doe III")
 
-    def test_formating_of_nicknames_with_double_quotes(self):
+    def test_formating_of_nicknames_with_double_quotes(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Rev John A. Kenneth Doe III (Kenny)")
         hn.string_format = "{title} {first} {middle} {last} {suffix} \"{nickname}\""
         self.assertEqual(str(hn), "Rev John A. Kenneth Doe III \"Kenny\"")
         hn.nickname = ''
         self.assertEqual(str(hn), "Rev John A. Kenneth Doe III")
 
-    def test_formating_of_nicknames_in_middle(self):
+    def test_formating_of_nicknames_in_middle(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Rev John A. Kenneth Doe III (Kenny)")
         hn.string_format = "{title} {first} ({nickname}) {middle} {last} {suffix}"
         self.assertEqual(str(hn), "Rev John (Kenny) A. Kenneth Doe III")
         hn.nickname = ''
         self.assertEqual(str(hn), "Rev John A. Kenneth Doe III")
 
-    def test_remove_emojis(self):
+    def test_remove_emojis(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Sam Smith 😊")
         self.m(hn.first, "Sam", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Smith", hn)
         self.assertEqual(str(hn), "Sam Smith")
 
-    def test_keep_non_emojis(self):
+    def test_keep_non_emojis(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("∫≜⩕ Smith 😊")
         self.m(hn.first, "∫≜⩕", hn)
         self.m(hn.last, "Smith", hn)
         self.assertEqual(str(hn), "∫≜⩕ Smith")
 
-    def test_keep_emojis(self):
+    def test_keep_emojis(self) -> None:
         from nameparser.config import Constants
         constants = Constants()
         constants.regexes.emoji = False
@@ -2277,11 +2292,11 @@ def test_keep_emojis(self):
 
 
 class InitialsTestCase(HumanNameTestBase):
-    def test_initials(self):
+    def test_initials(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Andrew Boris Petersen")
         self.m(hn.initials(), "A. B. P.", hn)
 
-    def test_initials_simple_name(self):
+    def test_initials_simple_name(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("John Doe")
         self.m(hn.initials(), "J. D.", hn)
         hn = HumanName("John Doe", initials_format="{first} {last}")
@@ -2293,11 +2308,11 @@ def test_initials_simple_name(self):
         hn = HumanName("John Doe", initials_format="{middle}")
         self.m(hn.initials(), "", hn)
 
-    def test_initials_complex_name(self):
+    def test_initials_complex_name(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe, John A. Kenneth, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.initials(), "J. A. K. D.", hn)
 
-    def test_initials_format(self):
+    def test_initials_format(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe, John A. Kenneth, Jr.", initials_format="{first} {middle}")
         self.m(hn.initials(), "J. A. K.", hn)
         hn = HumanName("Doe, John A. Kenneth, Jr.", initials_format="{first} {last}")
@@ -2307,7 +2322,7 @@ def test_initials_format(self):
         hn = HumanName("Doe, John A. Kenneth, Jr.", initials_format="{first}, {last}")
         self.m(hn.initials(), "J., D.", hn)
 
-    def test_initials_format_constants(self):
+    def test_initials_format_constants(self) -> None:
         from nameparser.config import CONSTANTS
         _orig = CONSTANTS.initials_format
         CONSTANTS.initials_format = "{first} {last}"
@@ -2318,11 +2333,11 @@ def test_initials_format_constants(self):
         self.m(hn.initials(), "J. D.", hn)
         CONSTANTS.initials_format = _orig
 
-    def test_initials_delimiter(self):
+    def test_initials_delimiter(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe, John A. Kenneth, Jr.", initials_delimiter=";")
         self.m(hn.initials(), "J; A; K; D;", hn)
 
-    def test_initials_delimiter_constants(self):
+    def test_initials_delimiter_constants(self) -> None:
         from nameparser.config import CONSTANTS
         _orig = CONSTANTS.initials_delimiter
         CONSTANTS.initials_delimiter = ";"
@@ -2330,53 +2345,53 @@ def test_initials_delimiter_constants(self):
         self.m(hn.initials(), "J; A; K; D;", hn)
         CONSTANTS.initials_delimiter = _orig
 
-    def test_initials_list(self):
+    def test_initials_list(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Andrew Boris Petersen")
         self.m(hn.initials_list(), ["A", "B", "P"], hn)
 
-    def test_initials_list_complex_name(self):
+    def test_initials_list_complex_name(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Doe, John A. Kenneth, Jr.")
         self.m(hn.initials_list(), ["J", "A", "K", "D"], hn)
 
-    def test_initials_with_prefix_firstname(self):
+    def test_initials_with_prefix_firstname(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Van Jeremy Johnson")
         self.m(hn.initials_list(), ["V", "J", "J"], hn)
 
-    def test_initials_with_prefix(self):
+    def test_initials_with_prefix(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName("Alex van Johnson")
         self.m(hn.initials_list(), ["A", "J"], hn)
 
-    def test_constructor_first(self):
+    def test_constructor_first(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName(first="TheName")
         self.assertFalse(hn.unparsable)
         self.m(hn.first, "TheName", hn)
 
-    def test_constructor_middle(self):
+    def test_constructor_middle(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName(middle="TheName")
         self.assertFalse(hn.unparsable)
         self.m(hn.middle, "TheName", hn)
 
-    def test_constructor_last(self):
+    def test_constructor_last(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName(last="TheName")
         self.assertFalse(hn.unparsable)
         self.m(hn.last, "TheName", hn)
 
-    def test_constructor_title(self):
+    def test_constructor_title(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName(title="TheName")
         self.assertFalse(hn.unparsable)
         self.m(hn.title, "TheName", hn)
 
-    def test_constructor_suffix(self):
+    def test_constructor_suffix(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName(suffix="TheName")
         self.assertFalse(hn.unparsable)
         self.m(hn.suffix, "TheName", hn)
 
-    def test_constructor_nickname(self):
+    def test_constructor_nickname(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName(nickname="TheName")
         self.assertFalse(hn.unparsable)
         self.m(hn.nickname, "TheName", hn)
 
-    def test_constructor_multiple(self):
+    def test_constructor_multiple(self) -> None:
         hn = HumanName(first="TheName", last="lastname", title="mytitle", full_name="donotparse")
         self.assertFalse(hn.unparsable)
         self.m(hn.first, "TheName", hn)
@@ -2569,21 +2584,13 @@ class HumanNameVariationTests(HumanNameTestBase):
 
     TEST_NAMES = TEST_NAMES
 
-    def test_variations_of_TEST_NAMES(self):
+    def test_variations_of_TEST_NAMES(self) -> None:
         for name in self.TEST_NAMES:
             hn = HumanName(name)
             if len(hn.suffix_list) > 1:
                 hn = HumanName("{title} {first} {middle} {last} {suffix}".format(**hn.as_dict()).split(',')[0])
             hn.C.empty_attribute_default = ''  # format strings below require empty string
             hn_dict = hn.as_dict()
-            attrs = [
-                'title',
-                'first',
-                'middle',
-                'last',
-                'suffix',
-                'nickname',
-            ]
             nocomma = HumanName("{title} {first} {middle} {last} {suffix}".format(**hn_dict))
             lastnamecomma = HumanName("{last}, {title} {first} {middle} {suffix}".format(**hn_dict))
             if hn.suffix:
@@ -2608,9 +2615,9 @@ def test_variations_of_TEST_NAMES(self):
         log.addHandler(logging.StreamHandler())
         name_string = sys.argv[1]
         hn_instance = HumanName(name_string, encoding=sys.stdout.encoding)
-        print((repr(hn_instance)))
+        print(repr(hn_instance))
         hn_instance.capitalize()
-        print((repr(hn_instance)))
+        print(repr(hn_instance))
         print("Initials: " + hn_instance.initials())
     else:
         print("-"*80)