diff --git a/.changelog/42.added b/.changelog/42.added
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..77b14407a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changelog/42.added
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+`LoggerProvider` now accepts a `limits` argument (a `LogRecordLimits`) that bounds the
+number and value length of log-record attributes, mirroring `SpanLimits` on `TracerProvider`
diff --git a/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_logs/_internal/__init__.py b/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_logs/_internal/__init__.py
index 5f40c5c8c7..ed7264da06 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_logs/_internal/__init__.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_logs/_internal/__init__.py
@@ -327,12 +327,16 @@ def _from_api_log_record(
         record: LogRecord,
         resource: Resource,
         instrumentation_scope: InstrumentationScope | None = None,
+        limits: LogRecordLimits | None = None,
     ) -> ReadWriteLogRecord:
-        return cls(
-            log_record=record,
-            resource=resource,
-            instrumentation_scope=instrumentation_scope,
-        )
+        kwargs = {
+            "log_record": record,
+            "resource": resource,
+            "instrumentation_scope": instrumentation_scope,
+        }
+        if limits is not None:
+            kwargs["limits"] = limits
+        return cls(**kwargs)
 
 
 class LogRecordProcessor(abc.ABC):
@@ -703,6 +707,7 @@ def __init__(
         *,
         logger_metrics: LoggerMetricsT,
         _logger_config: _LoggerConfig,
+        limits: LogRecordLimits | None = None,
     ):
         super().__init__(
             instrumentation_scope.name,
@@ -715,6 +720,7 @@ def __init__(
         self._instrumentation_scope = instrumentation_scope
         self._logger_metrics = logger_metrics
         self._logger_config = _logger_config
+        self._limits = limits or LogRecordLimits()
 
     def _is_enabled(self) -> bool:
         return self._logger_config.is_enabled
@@ -763,6 +769,7 @@ def emit(
                     record=record,
                     resource=self._resource,
                     instrumentation_scope=self._instrumentation_scope,
+                    limits=self._limits,
                 )
             else:
                 _set_log_record_exception_attributes(record.log_record)
@@ -785,6 +792,7 @@ def emit(
                 record=log_record,
                 resource=self._resource,
                 instrumentation_scope=self._instrumentation_scope,
+                limits=self._limits,
             )
 
         self._logger_metrics.emit_log()
@@ -816,6 +824,7 @@ def __init__(
         | ConcurrentMultiLogRecordProcessor
         | None = None,
         *,
+        limits: LogRecordLimits | None = None,
         meter_provider: MeterProvider | None = None,
         _logger_configurator: _LoggerConfiguratorT | None = None,
     ):
@@ -823,6 +832,7 @@ def __init__(
             self._resource = Resource.create({})
         else:
             self._resource = resource
+        self._limits = limits or LogRecordLimits()
         self._multi_log_record_processor = (
             multi_log_record_processor or SynchronousMultiLogRecordProcessor()
         )
@@ -884,6 +894,7 @@ def _get_logger_no_cache(
             scope,
             logger_metrics=self._logger_metrics,
             _logger_config=self._apply_logger_configurator(scope),
+            limits=self._limits,
         )
 
     def _get_logger_cached(
diff --git a/opentelemetry-sdk/tests/logs/test_log_limits.py b/opentelemetry-sdk/tests/logs/test_log_limits.py
index 3d1f69dc49..0164e332cb 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-sdk/tests/logs/test_log_limits.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-sdk/tests/logs/test_log_limits.py
@@ -4,10 +4,16 @@
 import unittest
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
-from opentelemetry.sdk._logs import LogRecordLimits
+from opentelemetry._logs import LogRecord as APILogRecord
+from opentelemetry._logs import SeverityNumber
+from opentelemetry.sdk._logs import LoggerProvider, LogRecordLimits
 from opentelemetry.sdk._logs._internal import (
     _DEFAULT_OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT,
 )
+from opentelemetry.sdk._logs.export import (
+    InMemoryLogRecordExporter,
+    SimpleLogRecordProcessor,
+)
 from opentelemetry.sdk.environment_variables import (
     OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT,
     OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT,
@@ -140,3 +146,72 @@ def test_invalid_env_vars_raise(self):
                     str(error.exception),
                     f"Unexpected error message for {env_var}={bad_value}",
                 )
+
+
+class TestLoggerProviderLimits(unittest.TestCase):
+    @staticmethod
+    def _emit_and_get_record(provider, attributes):
+        exporter = InMemoryLogRecordExporter()
+        provider.add_log_record_processor(SimpleLogRecordProcessor(exporter))
+        logger = provider.get_logger("test_logger_provider_limits")
+        logger.emit(
+            APILogRecord(
+                body="body",
+                severity_number=SeverityNumber.WARN,
+                attributes=attributes,
+            )
+        )
+        finished = exporter.get_finished_logs()
+        assert len(finished) == 1
+        return finished[0]
+
+    def test_default_provider_uses_default_attribute_count_limit(self):
+        provider = LoggerProvider()
+        attributes = {
+            f"key_{index}": index
+            for index in range(_DEFAULT_OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT + 5)
+        }
+
+        record = self._emit_and_get_record(provider, attributes)
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            len(record.log_record.attributes),
+            _DEFAULT_OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT,
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(record.dropped_attributes, 5)
+
+    def test_programmatic_limits_bound_attribute_count(self):
+        provider = LoggerProvider(
+            limits=LogRecordLimits(max_log_record_attributes=2)
+        )
+        attributes = {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3, "d": 4}
+
+        record = self._emit_and_get_record(provider, attributes)
+
+        self.assertEqual(len(record.log_record.attributes), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(record.dropped_attributes, 2)
+
+    def test_programmatic_limits_bound_attribute_value_length(self):
+        provider = LoggerProvider(
+            limits=LogRecordLimits(max_log_record_attribute_length=3)
+        )
+        attributes = {"key": "abcdefgh"}
+
+        record = self._emit_and_get_record(provider, attributes)
+
+        self.assertEqual(record.log_record.attributes["key"], "abc")
+
+    def test_programmatic_limits_via_global_fallbacks(self):
+        provider = LoggerProvider(
+            limits=LogRecordLimits(max_attributes=1, max_attribute_length=2)
+        )
+        attributes = {"first": "abcd", "second": "efgh"}
+
+        record = self._emit_and_get_record(provider, attributes)
+
+        # max_attributes / max_attribute_length act as global fallbacks for the
+        # log-record-specific limits when the latter are unset.
+        self.assertEqual(len(record.log_record.attributes), 1)
+        # BoundedAttributes evicts the oldest key when full, so "second"
+        # survives and its value is truncated to the length limit.
+        self.assertEqual(record.log_record.attributes["second"], "ef")