[Bug]: incompatible (wrt CPython 3.12) signatures for some integer math functions and int's methods

[skirpichev]

Describe the bug

Python 3.12.13 (tags/v3.12.13:3bb231a6a5d, May 14 2026, 11:06:30) [GCC 14.2.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import math, inspect
>>> for fn in ["comb", "factorial", "gcd", "isqrt", "lcm", "perm"]:
...     f = getattr(math, fn)
...     print(f, inspect.signature(f))
...
<built-in function comb> (n, k, /)
<built-in function factorial> (n, /)
<built-in function gcd> (*integers)
<built-in function isqrt> (n, /)
<built-in function lcm> (*integers)
<built-in function perm> (n, k=None, /)
>>> for meth in dir(int):
...     m = getattr(int, meth)
...     if meth.startswith("_") or not callable(m):
...         continue
...     try:
...         print(meth, inspect.signature(m))
...     except ValueError:
...         pass
...
as_integer_ratio (self, /)
bit_count (self, /)
bit_length (self, /)
from_bytes (bytes, byteorder='big', *, signed=False)
is_integer (self, /)
to_bytes (self, /, length=1, byteorder='big', *, signed=False)

In the GraalPy instead:

Python 3.12.8 (Tue Jun 23 15:17:16 UTC 2026)
[Graal, GraalVM CE, Java 25.0.3 (amd64)] on 'linux'
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import math, inspect
>>> for fn in ["comb", "factorial", "gcd", "isqrt", "lcm", "perm"]:
...     f = getattr(math, fn)
...     print(f, inspect.signature(f))
...
<built-in function comb> (a, b, /)
<built-in function factorial> (a, /)
<built-in function gcd> (*args, **kwargs)
<built-in function isqrt> (a, /)
<built-in function lcm> (*args, **kwargs)
<built-in function perm> (n, k, /)
>>> for meth in dir(int):
...      m = getattr(int, meth)
...      if meth.startswith("_") or not callable(m):
...          continue
...      try:
...          print(meth, inspect.signature(m))
...      except ValueError:
...          pass
... 
as_integer_ratio (self, /)
bit_count (self, /)
bit_length (self, /)
conjugate (self, /)
from_bytes (bytes, byteorder, /, *, signed)
is_integer (self, /)
to_bytes (self, length, byteorder, /, *, signed)

As you can see, all present function signatures from the math module are different. Of course, most functions have positional-only arguments and naming differences aren't significant. But differences for gcd, lcm and perm - are. Same true for to_bytes/from_bytes methods: they lack default values and incorrectly specify positional-only arguments.

Though, I would appreciate if signatures will be fully compatible, including naming of positional-only parameters. The reason is that such naming is used in the Python prose docs, e.g. https://docs.python.org/3.12/library/math.html#math.comb. The GraalPy has no documentation like this for the stdlib.

Operating system

Linux

CPU architecture

x86_64

GraalPy version

25.1.3

JDK version

No response

Context configuration

No response

Steps to reproduce

See bug description.

Expected behavior

Match CPython.

Stack trace

Additional context

No response