diff --git a/packages/database/src/BelongsTo.php b/packages/database/src/BelongsTo.php
index 5c0aa4685..88b0dd019 100644
--- a/packages/database/src/BelongsTo.php
+++ b/packages/database/src/BelongsTo.php
@@ -96,24 +96,18 @@ public function getJoinStatement(): JoinStatement
         if ($this->isSelfReferencing()) {
             return new JoinStatement(sprintf(
                 'LEFT JOIN %s AS %s ON %s = %s',
-                $relationModel->getTableName(),
-                $this->property->getName(),
-                $relationJoin,
-                $ownerJoin,
+                $this->quoteIdentifier($relationModel->getTableName()),
+                $this->quoteIdentifier($this->property->getName()),
+                $this->quoteIdentifier($relationJoin),
+                $this->quoteIdentifier($ownerJoin),
             ));
         }
 
-        $tableName = $relationModel->getTableName();
-        $tableRef = $tableAlias !== $tableName
-            ? sprintf('%s AS %s', $tableName, $tableAlias)
-            : $tableName;
-
-        // LEFT JOIN authors ON authors.id = books.author_id
         return new JoinStatement(sprintf(
             'LEFT JOIN %s ON %s = %s',
-            $tableRef,
-            $relationJoin,
-            $ownerJoin,
+            $this->quoteTableReference($relationModel->getTableName(), $tableAlias),
+            $this->quoteIdentifier($relationJoin),
+            $this->quoteIdentifier($ownerJoin),
         ));
     }
 
@@ -153,13 +147,16 @@ public function getExistsStatement(): WhereExistsStatement
         $relatedTable = $relatedModel->getTableName();
         $parentTable = $parentModel->getTableName();
         $relatedPK = $relatedModel->getPrimaryKey();
-
         $fk = $this->getOwnerFieldName();
 
         return new WhereExistsStatement(
-            relatedTable: $relatedTable,
+            relatedTable: $this->quoteIdentifier($relatedTable),
             relatedModelName: $relatedModel->getName(),
-            condition: "{$relatedTable}.{$relatedPK} = {$parentTable}.{$fk}",
+            condition: sprintf(
+                '%s = %s',
+                $this->qualifyIdentifier((string) $relatedPK, $relatedTable),
+                $this->qualifyIdentifier($fk, $parentTable),
+            ),
         );
     }
 
@@ -210,13 +207,11 @@ public function query(PrimaryKey $primaryKey, string|UnitEnum|null $onDatabase =
             ->onDatabase(databaseTag: $onDatabase)
             ->scope(scope: new WhereRawScope(
                 statement: sprintf(
-                    '%s.%s = (SELECT %s FROM %s WHERE %s.%s = ?)',
-                    $relatedTable,
-                    $relatedPK,
-                    $fk,
-                    $ownerTable,
-                    $ownerTable,
-                    $ownerPK,
+                    '%s = (SELECT %s FROM %s WHERE %s = ?)',
+                    $this->qualifyIdentifier((string) $relatedPK, $relatedTable),
+                    $this->quoteIdentifier($fk),
+                    $this->quoteIdentifier($ownerTable),
+                    $this->qualifyIdentifier((string) $ownerPK, $ownerTable),
                 ),
                 binding: $primaryKey,
             ));
diff --git a/packages/database/src/BelongsToMany.php b/packages/database/src/BelongsToMany.php
index c666a43be..4ac841264 100644
--- a/packages/database/src/BelongsToMany.php
+++ b/packages/database/src/BelongsToMany.php
@@ -165,12 +165,12 @@ private function buildFirstJoin(
     ): string {
         return sprintf(
             'LEFT JOIN %s ON %s = %s',
-            $pivotTable,
-            $this->resolveOwnerJoin(
+            $this->quoteIdentifier($pivotTable),
+            $this->quoteIdentifier($this->resolveOwnerJoin(
                 ownerModel: $ownerModel,
                 pivotTable: $pivotTable,
-            ),
-            $this->resolveRelationJoin(ownerModel: $ownerModel),
+            )),
+            $this->quoteIdentifier($this->resolveRelationJoin(ownerModel: $ownerModel)),
         );
     }
 
@@ -182,22 +182,17 @@ private function buildSecondJoin(
         string $pivotTable,
         string $tableAlias,
     ): string {
-        $tableName = $targetModel->getTableName();
-        $tableRef = $tableAlias !== $tableName
-            ? sprintf('%s AS %s', $tableName, $tableAlias)
-            : $tableName;
-
         return sprintf(
             'LEFT JOIN %s ON %s = %s',
-            $tableRef,
-            $this->resolveRelatedRelationJoin(
+            $this->quoteTableReference($targetModel->getTableName(), $tableAlias),
+            $this->quoteIdentifier($this->resolveRelatedRelationJoin(
                 targetModel: $targetModel,
                 tableAlias: $tableAlias,
-            ),
-            $this->resolveRelatedOwnerJoin(
+            )),
+            $this->quoteIdentifier($this->resolveRelatedOwnerJoin(
                 targetModel: $targetModel,
                 pivotTable: $pivotTable,
-            ),
+            )),
         );
     }
 
@@ -389,11 +384,20 @@ public function getExistsStatement(): WhereExistsStatement
         $targetFK = $this->relatedOwnerJoin ?? str(string: $targetTable)->singularizeLastWord()->append(suffix: "_{$targetPK}");
 
         return new WhereExistsStatement(
-            relatedTable: $pivotTable,
+            relatedTable: $this->quoteIdentifier($pivotTable),
             relatedModelName: $targetModel->getName(),
-            condition: "{$pivotTable}.{$fk} = {$ownerTable}.{$ownerPK}",
+            condition: sprintf(
+                '%s = %s',
+                $this->qualifyIdentifier((string) $fk, $pivotTable),
+                $this->qualifyIdentifier((string) $ownerPK, $ownerTable),
+            ),
             joinStatement: new JoinStatement(
-                statement: "INNER JOIN {$targetTable} ON {$targetTable}.{$targetPK} = {$pivotTable}.{$targetFK}",
+                statement: sprintf(
+                    'INNER JOIN %s ON %s = %s',
+                    $this->quoteIdentifier($targetTable),
+                    $this->qualifyIdentifier((string) $targetPK, $targetTable),
+                    $this->qualifyIdentifier((string) $targetFK, $pivotTable),
+                ),
             ),
         );
     }
@@ -416,12 +420,11 @@ public function query(PrimaryKey $primaryKey, string|UnitEnum|null $onDatabase =
             ->onDatabase(databaseTag: $onDatabase)
             ->scope(scope: new WhereRawScope(
                 statement: sprintf(
-                    '%s.%s IN (SELECT %s FROM %s WHERE %s = ?)',
-                    $targetTable,
-                    $targetPK,
-                    $targetFK,
-                    $pivotTable,
-                    $ownerFK,
+                    '%s IN (SELECT %s FROM %s WHERE %s = ?)',
+                    $this->qualifyIdentifier((string) $targetPK, $targetTable),
+                    $this->quoteIdentifier((string) $targetFK),
+                    $this->quoteIdentifier($pivotTable),
+                    $this->quoteIdentifier((string) $ownerFK),
                 ),
                 binding: $primaryKey,
             ));
diff --git a/packages/database/src/HasMany.php b/packages/database/src/HasMany.php
index 75685ad3a..c541e5c5f 100644
--- a/packages/database/src/HasMany.php
+++ b/packages/database/src/HasMany.php
@@ -105,23 +105,18 @@ public function getJoinStatement(): JoinStatement
         if ($this->isSelfReferencing()) {
             return new JoinStatement(sprintf(
                 'LEFT JOIN %s AS %s ON %s = %s',
-                $ownerModel->getTableName(),
-                $this->property->getName(),
-                $ownerJoin,
-                $relationJoin,
+                $this->quoteIdentifier($ownerModel->getTableName()),
+                $this->quoteIdentifier($this->property->getName()),
+                $this->quoteIdentifier($ownerJoin),
+                $this->quoteIdentifier($relationJoin),
             ));
         }
 
-        $tableName = $ownerModel->getTableName();
-        $tableRef = $tableAlias !== $tableName
-            ? sprintf('%s AS %s', $tableName, $tableAlias)
-            : $tableName;
-
         return new JoinStatement(sprintf(
             'LEFT JOIN %s ON %s = %s',
-            $tableRef,
-            $ownerJoin,
-            $relationJoin,
+            $this->quoteTableReference($ownerModel->getTableName(), $tableAlias),
+            $this->quoteIdentifier($ownerJoin),
+            $this->quoteIdentifier($relationJoin),
         ));
     }
 
@@ -171,13 +166,16 @@ public function getExistsStatement(): WhereExistsStatement
         $relatedTable = $relatedModel->getTableName();
         $parentTable = $parentModel->getTableName();
         $parentPK = $parentModel->getPrimaryKey();
-
-        $fk = $this->ownerJoin ?? str(string: $parentTable)->singularizeLastWord()->append(suffix: "_{$parentPK}");
+        $fk = (string) ($this->ownerJoin ?? str(string: $parentTable)->singularizeLastWord()->append(suffix: "_{$parentPK}"));
 
         return new WhereExistsStatement(
-            relatedTable: $relatedTable,
+            relatedTable: $this->quoteIdentifier($relatedTable),
             relatedModelName: $relatedModel->getName(),
-            condition: "{$relatedTable}.{$fk} = {$parentTable}.{$parentPK}",
+            condition: sprintf(
+                '%s = %s',
+                $this->qualifyIdentifier($fk, $relatedTable),
+                $this->qualifyIdentifier((string) $parentPK, $parentTable),
+            ),
         );
     }
 
diff --git a/packages/database/src/HasManyThrough.php b/packages/database/src/HasManyThrough.php
index c06b1b912..2a8339b18 100644
--- a/packages/database/src/HasManyThrough.php
+++ b/packages/database/src/HasManyThrough.php
@@ -145,12 +145,12 @@ private function buildFirstJoin(
     ): string {
         return sprintf(
             'LEFT JOIN %s ON %s = %s',
-            $intermediateModel->getTableName(),
-            $this->resolveOwnerJoin(
+            $this->quoteIdentifier($intermediateModel->getTableName()),
+            $this->quoteIdentifier($this->resolveOwnerJoin(
                 intermediateModel: $intermediateModel,
                 ownerModel: $ownerModel,
-            ),
-            $this->resolveRelationJoin(ownerModel: $ownerModel),
+            )),
+            $this->quoteIdentifier($this->resolveRelationJoin(ownerModel: $ownerModel)),
         );
     }
 
@@ -159,20 +159,16 @@ private function buildSecondJoin(
         ModelInspector $targetModel,
     ): string {
         $tableAlias = $this->getTableAlias(tableName: $targetModel->getTableName());
-        $tableName = $targetModel->getTableName();
-        $tableRef = $tableAlias !== $tableName
-            ? sprintf('%s AS %s', $tableName, $tableAlias)
-            : $tableName;
 
         return sprintf(
             'LEFT JOIN %s ON %s = %s',
-            $tableRef,
-            $this->resolveThroughOwnerJoin(
+            $this->quoteTableReference($targetModel->getTableName(), $tableAlias),
+            $this->quoteIdentifier($this->resolveThroughOwnerJoin(
                 targetModel: $targetModel,
                 intermediateModel: $intermediateModel,
                 tableAlias: $tableAlias,
-            ),
-            $this->resolveThroughRelationJoin(intermediateModel: $intermediateModel),
+            )),
+            $this->quoteIdentifier($this->resolveThroughRelationJoin(intermediateModel: $intermediateModel)),
         );
     }
 
@@ -355,11 +351,20 @@ public function getExistsStatement(): WhereExistsStatement
         $targetFK = $this->throughOwnerJoin ?? str(string: $intermediateTable)->singularizeLastWord()->append(suffix: "_{$intermediatePK}");
 
         return new WhereExistsStatement(
-            relatedTable: $intermediateTable,
+            relatedTable: $this->quoteIdentifier($intermediateTable),
             relatedModelName: $targetModel->getName(),
-            condition: "{$intermediateTable}.{$fk} = {$ownerTable}.{$ownerPK}",
+            condition: sprintf(
+                '%s = %s',
+                $this->qualifyIdentifier((string) $fk, $intermediateTable),
+                $this->qualifyIdentifier((string) $ownerPK, $ownerTable),
+            ),
             joinStatement: new JoinStatement(
-                statement: "INNER JOIN {$targetTable} ON {$targetTable}.{$targetFK} = {$intermediateTable}.{$intermediatePK}",
+                statement: sprintf(
+                    'INNER JOIN %s ON %s = %s',
+                    $this->quoteIdentifier($targetTable),
+                    $this->qualifyIdentifier((string) $targetFK, $targetTable),
+                    $this->qualifyIdentifier((string) $intermediatePK, $intermediateTable),
+                ),
             ),
         );
     }
@@ -383,10 +388,10 @@ public function query(PrimaryKey $primaryKey, string|UnitEnum|null $onDatabase =
             ->scope(scope: new WhereRawScope(
                 statement: sprintf(
                     '%s IN (SELECT %s FROM %s WHERE %s = ?)',
-                    $relatedTable . '.' . $targetFK,
-                    $intermediatePK,
-                    $intermediateTable,
-                    $ownerFK,
+                    $this->qualifyIdentifier((string) $targetFK, $relatedTable),
+                    $this->quoteIdentifier((string) $intermediatePK),
+                    $this->quoteIdentifier($intermediateTable),
+                    $this->quoteIdentifier((string) $ownerFK),
                 ),
                 binding: $primaryKey,
             ));
diff --git a/packages/database/src/HasOne.php b/packages/database/src/HasOne.php
index a5b4308e9..9343d97f4 100644
--- a/packages/database/src/HasOne.php
+++ b/packages/database/src/HasOne.php
@@ -77,23 +77,18 @@ public function getJoinStatement(): JoinStatement
         if ($this->isSelfReferencing()) {
             return new JoinStatement(sprintf(
                 'LEFT JOIN %s AS %s ON %s = %s',
-                $ownerModel->getTableName(),
-                $this->property->getName(),
-                $ownerJoin,
-                $relationJoin,
+                $this->quoteIdentifier($ownerModel->getTableName()),
+                $this->quoteIdentifier($this->property->getName()),
+                $this->quoteIdentifier($ownerJoin),
+                $this->quoteIdentifier($relationJoin),
             ));
         }
 
-        $tableName = $ownerModel->getTableName();
-        $tableRef = $tableAlias !== $tableName
-            ? sprintf('%s AS %s', $tableName, $tableAlias)
-            : $tableName;
-
         return new JoinStatement(sprintf(
             'LEFT JOIN %s ON %s = %s',
-            $tableRef,
-            $ownerJoin,
-            $relationJoin,
+            $this->quoteTableReference($ownerModel->getTableName(), $tableAlias),
+            $this->quoteIdentifier($ownerJoin),
+            $this->quoteIdentifier($relationJoin),
         ));
     }
 
@@ -141,13 +136,16 @@ public function getExistsStatement(): WhereExistsStatement
         $relatedTable = $relatedModel->getTableName();
         $parentTable = $parentModel->getTableName();
         $parentPK = $parentModel->getPrimaryKey();
-
-        $fk = $this->ownerJoin ?? str(string: $parentTable)->singularizeLastWord()->append(suffix: "_{$parentPK}");
+        $fk = (string) ($this->ownerJoin ?? str(string: $parentTable)->singularizeLastWord()->append(suffix: "_{$parentPK}"));
 
         return new WhereExistsStatement(
-            relatedTable: $relatedTable,
+            relatedTable: $this->quoteIdentifier($relatedTable),
             relatedModelName: $relatedModel->getName(),
-            condition: "{$relatedTable}.{$fk} = {$parentTable}.{$parentPK}",
+            condition: sprintf(
+                '%s = %s',
+                $this->qualifyIdentifier($fk, $relatedTable),
+                $this->qualifyIdentifier((string) $parentPK, $parentTable),
+            ),
         );
     }
 
diff --git a/packages/database/src/HasOneThrough.php b/packages/database/src/HasOneThrough.php
index 8f23cabaf..f0a3fdc32 100644
--- a/packages/database/src/HasOneThrough.php
+++ b/packages/database/src/HasOneThrough.php
@@ -105,9 +105,9 @@ private function buildFirstJoin(
     ): string {
         return sprintf(
             'LEFT JOIN %s ON %s = %s',
-            $intermediateModel->getTableName(),
-            $this->resolveOwnerJoin(intermediateModel: $intermediateModel, ownerModel: $ownerModel),
-            $this->resolveRelationJoin(ownerModel: $ownerModel),
+            $this->quoteIdentifier($intermediateModel->getTableName()),
+            $this->quoteIdentifier($this->resolveOwnerJoin(intermediateModel: $intermediateModel, ownerModel: $ownerModel)),
+            $this->quoteIdentifier($this->resolveRelationJoin(ownerModel: $ownerModel)),
         );
     }
 
@@ -116,20 +116,16 @@ private function buildSecondJoin(
         ModelInspector $targetModel,
     ): string {
         $tableAlias = $this->getTableAlias(tableName: $targetModel->getTableName());
-        $tableName = $targetModel->getTableName();
-        $tableRef = $tableAlias !== $tableName
-            ? sprintf('%s AS %s', $tableName, $tableAlias)
-            : $tableName;
 
         return sprintf(
             'LEFT JOIN %s ON %s = %s',
-            $tableRef,
-            $this->resolveThroughOwnerJoin(
+            $this->quoteTableReference($targetModel->getTableName(), $tableAlias),
+            $this->quoteIdentifier($this->resolveThroughOwnerJoin(
                 targetModel: $targetModel,
                 intermediateModel: $intermediateModel,
                 tableAlias: $tableAlias,
-            ),
-            $this->resolveThroughRelationJoin(intermediateModel: $intermediateModel),
+            )),
+            $this->quoteIdentifier($this->resolveThroughRelationJoin(intermediateModel: $intermediateModel)),
         );
     }
 
@@ -312,11 +308,20 @@ public function getExistsStatement(): WhereExistsStatement
         $targetFK = $this->throughOwnerJoin ?? str(string: $intermediateTable)->singularizeLastWord()->append(suffix: "_{$intermediatePK}");
 
         return new WhereExistsStatement(
-            relatedTable: $intermediateTable,
+            relatedTable: $this->quoteIdentifier($intermediateTable),
             relatedModelName: $targetModel->getName(),
-            condition: "{$intermediateTable}.{$fk} = {$ownerTable}.{$ownerPK}",
+            condition: sprintf(
+                '%s = %s',
+                $this->qualifyIdentifier((string) $fk, $intermediateTable),
+                $this->qualifyIdentifier((string) $ownerPK, $ownerTable),
+            ),
             joinStatement: new JoinStatement(
-                statement: "INNER JOIN {$targetTable} ON {$targetTable}.{$targetFK} = {$intermediateTable}.{$intermediatePK}",
+                statement: sprintf(
+                    'INNER JOIN %s ON %s = %s',
+                    $this->quoteIdentifier($targetTable),
+                    $this->qualifyIdentifier((string) $targetFK, $targetTable),
+                    $this->qualifyIdentifier((string) $intermediatePK, $intermediateTable),
+                ),
             ),
         );
     }
@@ -339,12 +344,11 @@ public function query(PrimaryKey $primaryKey, string|UnitEnum|null $onDatabase =
             ->onDatabase(databaseTag: $onDatabase)
             ->scope(scope: new WhereRawScope(
                 statement: sprintf(
-                    '%s.%s IN (SELECT %s FROM %s WHERE %s = ?)',
-                    $relatedTable,
-                    $targetFK,
-                    $intermediatePK,
-                    $intermediateTable,
-                    $ownerFK,
+                    '%s IN (SELECT %s FROM %s WHERE %s = ?)',
+                    $this->qualifyIdentifier((string) $targetFK, $relatedTable),
+                    $this->quoteIdentifier((string) $intermediatePK),
+                    $this->quoteIdentifier($intermediateTable),
+                    $this->quoteIdentifier((string) $ownerFK),
                 ),
                 binding: $primaryKey,
             ));
diff --git a/packages/database/src/HasTableAlias.php b/packages/database/src/HasTableAlias.php
index 0fd8a5161..7272957f1 100644
--- a/packages/database/src/HasTableAlias.php
+++ b/packages/database/src/HasTableAlias.php
@@ -42,6 +42,37 @@ private function getTableAlias(string $tableName): string
             ->toString();
     }
 
+    private function quoteIdentifier(string $identifier): string
+    {
+        $parts = explode('.', $identifier);
+
+        foreach ($parts as &$part) {
+            $part = sprintf('`%s`', trim($part, '`" '));
+        }
+
+        return implode('.', $parts);
+    }
+
+    private function qualifyIdentifier(string $identifier, string $table): string
+    {
+        if (! str_contains($identifier, '.')) {
+            $identifier = "{$table}.{$identifier}";
+        }
+
+        return $this->quoteIdentifier($identifier);
+    }
+
+    private function quoteTableReference(string $table, ?string $alias = null): string
+    {
+        $quotedTable = $this->quoteIdentifier($table);
+
+        if ($alias === null || trim($alias, '`" ') === $table) {
+            return $quotedTable;
+        }
+
+        return sprintf('%s AS %s', $quotedTable, $this->quoteIdentifier($alias));
+    }
+
     private function replaceTableReference(string $qualifiedColumn, string $originalTable, string $aliasedTable): string
     {
         if ($aliasedTable === $originalTable) {
diff --git a/packages/database/src/QueryStatements/WhereExistsStatement.php b/packages/database/src/QueryStatements/WhereExistsStatement.php
index 1ee4d303d..f28d4224e 100644
--- a/packages/database/src/QueryStatements/WhereExistsStatement.php
+++ b/packages/database/src/QueryStatements/WhereExistsStatement.php
@@ -52,13 +52,18 @@ public function compile(DatabaseDialect $dialect): string
         }
 
         if ($this->useCount) {
-            return "(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {$fromClause} WHERE {$whereClause}) {$this->operator->value} {$this->count}";
+            $statement = "(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {$fromClause} WHERE {$whereClause}) {$this->operator->value} {$this->count}";
+        } else {
+            $keyword = $this->negate
+                ? 'NOT EXISTS'
+                : 'EXISTS';
+            $statement = "{$keyword} (SELECT 1 FROM {$fromClause} WHERE {$whereClause})";
         }
 
-        $keyword = $this->negate
-            ? 'NOT EXISTS'
-            : 'EXISTS';
-
-        return "{$keyword} (SELECT 1 FROM {$fromClause} WHERE {$whereClause})";
+        return match ($dialect) {
+            DatabaseDialect::POSTGRESQL => str_replace('`', '"', $statement),
+            DatabaseDialect::SQLITE => str_replace('`', '', $statement),
+            default => $statement,
+        };
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Integration/Database/ModelInspector/BelongsToTest.php b/tests/Integration/Database/ModelInspector/BelongsToTest.php
index 6894f4579..c16313655 100644
--- a/tests/Integration/Database/ModelInspector/BelongsToTest.php
+++ b/tests/Integration/Database/ModelInspector/BelongsToTest.php
@@ -2,18 +2,65 @@
 
 namespace Tests\Tempest\Integration\Database\ModelInspector;
 
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\Test;
 use Tempest\Database\BelongsTo;
 use Tempest\Database\Config\DatabaseDialect;
+use Tempest\Database\Config\PostgresConfig;
+use Tempest\Database\Connection\PDOConnection;
+use Tempest\Database\Database;
 use Tempest\Database\Exceptions\ModelDidNotHavePrimaryColumn;
+use Tempest\Database\GenericDatabase;
 use Tempest\Database\HasMany;
 use Tempest\Database\PrimaryKey;
 use Tempest\Database\Table;
+use Tempest\Database\Transactions\GenericTransactionManager;
+use Tempest\EventBus\EventBus;
+use Tempest\Mapper\SerializerFactory;
 use Tests\Tempest\Integration\FrameworkIntegrationTestCase;
 
 use function Tempest\Database\inspect;
 
 final class BelongsToTest extends FrameworkIntegrationTestCase
 {
+    #[Test]
+    public function relation_queries_quote_camel_case_identifiers_for_postgresql(): void
+    {
+        $connection = new PDOConnection(new PostgresConfig());
+        $this->container->singleton(
+            Database::class,
+            new GenericDatabase(
+                connection: $connection,
+                transactionManager: new GenericTransactionManager($connection),
+                serializerFactory: $this->container->get(SerializerFactory::class),
+                eventBus: $this->container->get(EventBus::class),
+            ),
+        );
+
+        $items = inspect(PostgresRelationStash::class)->getRelation('items');
+        $stash = inspect(PostgresRelationStashItem::class)->getRelation('stash');
+
+        $this->assertSame(
+            'LEFT JOIN "stash_items" ON "stash_items"."stashId" = "stashes"."id"',
+            $items->getJoinStatement()->compile(DatabaseDialect::POSTGRESQL),
+        );
+        $this->assertSame(
+            'EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM "stash_items" WHERE "stash_items"."stashId" = "stashes"."id")',
+            $items->getExistsStatement()->compile(DatabaseDialect::POSTGRESQL),
+        );
+        $this->assertSame(
+            'LEFT JOIN "stashes" ON "stashes"."id" = "stash_items"."stashId"',
+            $stash->getJoinStatement()->compile(DatabaseDialect::POSTGRESQL),
+        );
+        $this->assertSame(
+            'EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM "stashes" WHERE "stashes"."id" = "stash_items"."stashId")',
+            $stash->getExistsStatement()->compile(DatabaseDialect::POSTGRESQL),
+        );
+        $this->assertSame(
+            'SELECT "stashes"."id" AS "stashes.id" FROM "stashes" WHERE "stashes"."id" = (SELECT "stashId" FROM "stash_items" WHERE "stash_items"."id" = ?)',
+            $stash->query(new PrimaryKey(1))->select()->compile()->toString(),
+        );
+    }
+
     public function test_belongs_to(): void
     {
         $model = inspect(BelongsToTestOwnerModel::class);
@@ -236,6 +283,27 @@ public function test_self_referencing_has_many_select_fields(): void
     }
 }
 
+#[Table('stashes')]
+final class PostgresRelationStash
+{
+    public PrimaryKey $id;
+
+    /** @var \Tests\Tempest\Integration\Database\ModelInspector\PostgresRelationStashItem[] */
+    #[HasMany(ownerJoin: 'stashId')]
+    public array $items = [];
+}
+
+#[Table('stash_items')]
+final class PostgresRelationStashItem
+{
+    public PrimaryKey $id;
+
+    #[BelongsTo(ownerJoin: 'stashId')]
+    public PostgresRelationStash $stash;
+
+    public string $stashId;
+}
+
 #[Table('relation')]
 final class BelongsToTestRelationModel
 {