Isolate staging Cloud Run service and add backend response header (migration PR 4, stage 1)

[anth-volk]

Summary

Stage 1 of the API host cutover ("PR 4" of the unified API v2-alpha migration plan): before a load balancer can front the production Cloud Run service, staging deploys must stop promoting to it.

• Isolate staging Cloud Run onto policyengine-api-staging. deploy-cloud-run-staging and promote-cloud-run-staging previously used the cloud_run_env.sh default CLOUD_RUN_SERVICE=policyengine-api, so every push promoted a staging-configured revision to 100% of the production service URL for the duration of the pipeline. Both jobs now pin CLOUD_RUN_SERVICE: policyengine-api-staging at the job level. The first staging deploy after merge auto-creates the new service.
• Decouple the image name from the service name. CLOUD_RUN_IMAGE_URI embedded ${CLOUD_RUN_SERVICE}; production reuses the staging-built image, so the image path now uses a fixed CLOUD_RUN_IMAGE_NAME (default policyengine-api) regardless of service override.
• Tag every API response with X-PolicyEngine-Backend (app_engine/cloud_run, from the existing API_HOST_BACKEND migration flag). Set in the shared Flask after_request hook (covers App Engine and Cloud Run's Flask-mounted routes) and in the ASGI middleware for native FastAPI routes. This is the in-band signal for verifying traffic-weight changes and rollbacks during the ramp with sampled requests; the helper never raises, falling back to the default backend on an invalid flag.

Test plan

• pytest tests/unit/test_cloud_run_deploy_scripts.py tests/unit/routes/test_migration_context_logging.py tests/unit/test_migration_flags.py tests/unit/test_asgi_factory.py — 72 passed, including new invariants: staging jobs pin the staging service, production job never references it, image URI is service-independent, deploy/promote dry-runs target the overridden service, and backend-header behavior on Flask, native FastAPI, and hook-less fallback paths.
• ruff format --check clean on changed files.
• After merge (stage 1 exit gates): observe one full push cycle — gcloud run services describe policyengine-api shows only stage3-prod-* tags at 100% throughout; policyengine-api-staging healthy and passing the staging integration suite; header present on GAE prod, CR staging, and CR prod URLs.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 79.82%. Comparing base (446d995) to head (0839a96).
⚠️ Report is 9 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #3720      +/-   ##
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+ Coverage   79.72%   79.82%   +0.09%     
==========================================
  Files          70       70              
  Lines        4326     4336      +10     
  Branches      807      808       +1     
==========================================
+ Hits         3449     3461      +12     
+ Misses        657      655       -2     
  Partials      220      220              

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