feat(physics): add cosmology module (FLRW model + distances + cosmic …#10
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New Physics.Cosmology namespace — the next Tier 1 piece of the astro expansion.
- FlrwModel: a flat/curved FLRW cosmology specified by H0 (km/s/Mpc) and the
density parameters (curvature fixed by flatness). Provides:
* expansion history E(z) and H(z), scale factor, critical density ρ_c = 3H²/8πG;
* cosmological distances — comoving, transverse-comoving (sinh/sin for curvature),
luminosity, angular-diameter — and the distance modulus, via composite-Simpson
integration of dz/E(z);
* cosmic time — age of the universe, age at redshift z, and lookback time, via
the scale-factor integral.
* FlrwModel.Planck2018() factory for the concordance flat ΛCDM parameters.
- PhysicsConstants: add Megaparsec, CMB temperature, and the Planck mass/length/time.
- Document the module in Physics/README.md.
Validated against known values: age ≈ 13.8 Gyr, present critical density
≈ 8.5e-27 kg/m³, comoving distance at z=1 ≈ 3402 Mpc, distance modulus ≈ 44.2 at
z=1, exact Etherington duality D_L = (1+z)²·D_A. 13 new tests, all passing.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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…time)
New Physics.Cosmology namespace — the next Tier 1 piece of the astro expansion.
Validated against known values: age ≈ 13.8 Gyr, present critical density ≈ 8.5e-27 kg/m³, comoving distance at z=1 ≈ 3402 Mpc, distance modulus ≈ 44.2 at z=1, exact Etherington duality D_L = (1+z)²·D_A. 13 new tests, all passing.